花粉直感对澳洲坚果‘O.C’果实形态和品质性状的影响

Effects of pollen xenia on nut morphological characteristics and quality of 'O.C' cultivar in Macadamia spp.

为给澳洲坚果的授粉品种搭配提供依据,选用4个澳洲坚果品种(‘HAES816’、‘HAES294’、‘HAES863’、‘HAES918’)的花粉给‘O.C’授粉,以自然授粉为对照,观察其对坐果率、果实形态和品质性状的影响。结果表明:不同品种花粉对‘O.C’授粉,在坐果率、果顶乳头状突起、果柄长度和粗度、壳果横径、果形指数、出仁率及果仁中氨基酸组成、天门冬氨酸含量、油酸含量、亚油酸含量和总糖含量等方面存在显著或极显著差异,表现出明显的花粉直感效应;而在果皮颜色、壳果纵径、单个果仁质量、一级果仁率、除天门冬氨酸外的氨基酸含量、除油酸和亚油酸外的脂肪酸含量、粗脂肪、水分、粗蛋白、灰分和矿质元素含量等方面差异不显著,花粉直感效应不明显。坐果率和反映果实品质的出仁率、油酸及总糖含量等重要果实性状存在花粉直感效应,可在澳洲坚果园品种搭配和果实品质提升的研究中加以利用。

In order to provide a basis for pollination varieties collocation in Macadamia spp., using four cultivars including ‘HAES816＇, ‘HAES294＇, ‘HAES863＇ and ‘HAES918＇ to pollinate ‘O.C＇, taking spontaneous pollination trees as CK, effects of pollination cultivars on nut setting rate, morphology and quality were observed. The results showed that some indexes had significant or extremely significant differences between cultivars, including nut setting rate, size of nut apical papilla, length and thickness of stalk, nut transverse diameter, nut shape index, kernel rate, amino acid composition, aspartic acid content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and total sugar content, which indicated obvious pollen xenia in Macadamia. However, the other indexes had no significant differences in cultivars and no obvious xenia effects, including pericarp color, nut longitudi nal diameter, kernel mass, percentage of first-grade kernel, contents of the other amino acids except aspartic acid, fa tty acids contents except oleic acid and linoleic acid, crud e fat content, water content, crude protein content, ash content, mineral elements contents, and so on. The pollen xenia of nut setting rate, kernel rate, contents of oleic acid and total sugar in Macadamia could be applied to the researches on rational allocation of pollination cultivars in practice and improving nut quality.