不同品种桃果冷链物流特性差异性研究

Differences of characteristics of different peach cultivars in cold-chain logistics

为了探讨不同品种桃果冷链物流特性的差异化问题,从而为其贮运技术的优化提供参考依据,分别以采自山东省蒙阴县岱崮镇的‘仓方早生’、‘春美’、‘中油4号’和‘锦香’黄桃果实为试材,对不同品种桃果实在长途（山东蒙阴至新加坡）冷链物流期间的预冷特性、蓄冷特性、货架期及其品质的变化情况进行了观察,并对其果心温度在冷链物流期间的变化情况进行了全程跟踪检测。结果表明：在整个冷链物流期间,‘中油4号’和‘春美’的果心温度一直低于其余2个品种,说明其均有较好的预冷和蓄冷性能;在山东冷库温度设为0℃、预冷40 h的条件下,不同品种桃果果心温度方能降低至2.5~3.0℃,说明产区桃果贮运企业的冷库制冷能力还有待提高,或需配置专门的预冷设备和优化预冷技术;货架期第2天（到达目的地后）,4个品种桃果果肉组织的硬度均在2 kg·cm-2以上;其中‘仓方早生’和‘锦香’果实中可溶性固形物的含量略高于10%,其余品种的均为8%~9%,说明产地采收果实的品质有待提高;不同品种对冷害的敏感性存在一定的差异性。文中综合分析认为：‘中油4号’的贮运品质较好,其预冷和蓄冷性能均佳,其果实外观和肉质均好,且汁液多,味较甜;而其他品种桃果运至目的地后均发生了不同程度的冷害现象。据此,文末提出了采取终端冷链措施以避免冷害发生的建议。

In order to research differences of characteristics of different peach varieties in cold-chain logistics, and to provide a reference basis for optimization of storage techniques, taking ‘Cangfangzaosheng＇, ‘Chunmei＇, ‘Zhongyou No.4＇ and ‘Jinxiang＇ as materials which were collected from Gudai Town, Mengyin County, Shangdong Province, precooling characteristics, cold storage characteristics, shelf life and quality change during long-distance cold-chain logistics（from Mengyin County to Singapore） of peaches were investigated, as well as fruit core temperature during whole cold-chain logistics. The results showed that the core temperatures of ‘Zhongyou No.4＇ and ‘Chunmei＇ were lower than that of the other cultivars during the whole cold-chain logistics, so they had better precooling and cold storage characteristics. When the temperature was set to 0 ℃ for 40 hours, the core temperature could reach 2.5-3.0 ℃, so cooling capacity of cold storage in peach-producing region should be improved. Specialized precooling equipments need be acquired and precooling techniques need be optimized. On the 2nd day of shelf life, pulp firmness of four cultivars were over 2 kg·cm-2, the contents of soluble solids in ‘Cangfangzaosheng＇ and ‘Jinxiang＇ fruits were slightly over 10%, and those in the other cultivars were 8%-9%, so peach quality in producing areas should be improved. The sensitivities of the cultivars to chilling injury were different. ‘Zhongyou No.4＇ had better storage quality, precooling characteristics and cold storage characteristics, and it had rich fruit juice and sweet taste, but the other cultivars had chilling injury at different degrees. So terminal cold-chain measures should be taken to avoid occurrence of chilling injury.