不同间作模式对油茶幼林病虫害发生的影响

Effect of different interplanting patterns on occurrence of diseases and insect pests in Camellia oleifera

为了研究林农间作对油茶林病虫害的影响情况,从而确定病虫生态调控模式,在油茶幼林中分别间种金银花、大豆、花生3种作物,就不同间作模式对油茶林病虫害的发生与防治的影响情况进行了试验、调查与差异及回归分析。调查结果表明:3种间作模式对油茶炭疽病、油茶软腐病、油茶烟煤病以及油茶尺蠖、油茶毒蛾等油茶主要病虫害都有不同程度的控制作用。差异显著性分析结果表明:3种间作处理的油茶林其油茶炭疽病的病情指数与纯林间的差异显著,其中,间作金银花处理的效果最好,防效达27.80%;3种间作处理的油茶林其油茶软腐病的病情指数与纯林间的差异不显著,防效都在10.00%左右;3种间作处理的油茶林其油茶烟煤病的病情指数与纯林间的差异也不显著,防效都在10.00%左右;间种花生、大豆的油茶林与其纯林的虫咬率间差异显著,防效分别为21.97%、20.33%。文中由此得出,3种间作模式对油茶主要病虫害均有明显的抑制作用。回归分析结果表明,间作大豆是3种间作模式中最适用于调控油茶病虫害发生的间作模式,采用这种间作模式可以促进油茶幼林的生态调控,还可提高种植作物的经济效益。

To explore effect of different interplanting patterns on diseases and insect pests in Camellia oleifera, and determin the ecological regulation patterns, honeysuckle, soybean and peanut were planted in C. oleifera forest, and effects of different interplanting patterns on occurrence and control of disease and insect pests in C. oleifera forest were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the three interplanting patterns could control main diseases and insect pests at different degrees, including anthracnose, soft rot, sooty blotch disease, and so on, the best treatment was interplanting honeysuckle, and the control efficiency reached 27.80%. Disease index of soft rot had not significant differences between three interplanting patterns and pure forest, and the control efficiencies were around 10%. Disease index of sooty blotch disease had not significant differences between three interplanting patterns and pure forest, and the control efficiencies were around 10%. Insect biting rates had significant differences between pure forest and the interplanting peanut and soybean forest, and control efficiency were 21.97% and 20.33%, respectively. Therefore, these three interplanting patterns had obvious inhibition to the main diseases and insect pests in C. oleifera. The results of regression analysis showed that in the three patterns, interplanting soybean was the most suitable for control occurrence of diseases and insect pests in C. oleifera, it could promote ecological regulation and increase economic income of young C. oleifera forest.