广西石灰岩地区单枝竹属资源的分布和变异

Distribution and phenotypic variation of Bonia resources at limestone areas of Guangxi

为给单枝竹属Bonia Balansa种质资源的保育和开发提供依据,对广西单枝竹属资源及其分布开展调查,并进行了秆型、秆高、叶长、叶宽形态特征分析。结果表明,广西单枝竹属竹种资源丰富,在25个天然居群共收集单枝竹B.saxatilis、芸香竹B.amplexicaulis和箭秆竹B.saxatilis var.solida等2个种、1个变种的106份种质;单枝竹属竹种在广西集中分布在21°57′~25°57′N,111°06′~106°29′E,海拔100~800 m之间的岩溶地貌区,呈现箭秆竹、单枝竹、芸香竹自北向南天然分布规律,单枝竹、芸香竹分布存在重合现象。秆型存在4种类型：1直立且秆梢挺直型;2直立但秆梢钓丝状下垂型;3攀援型;4匍匐型。秆高、叶长、叶宽形态差异显著,单枝竹变异系数由高到低依次为叶宽、秆高、叶长;芸香竹和箭秆竹依次均为秆高、叶宽、叶长。单枝竹属资源及其表型变异丰富,具有种质挖掘的潜力。

In order to provide some basis for conservation and development of Bonia germplasm resources, resources and distribution of Bonia were investigated in Guangxi, and some morphological characteristics were analyzed, including culm type, culm hight, leaf length and leaf width. The results showed that Bonia germplasm resources were abound in Guangxi, and 106 germplasm resources including 2 species（B. saxatilis and B. amplexicaulis） and 1 varieties（B. saxatilis var. solida） were collected in 25 geographical populations. Bonia concentrated distributed at the Karst landform areas, 100-800 m above sea level, 21°57′-25°57′N, 111°06′-106°29′E. B. saxatilis var. solida, B. saxatilis, B. amplexicaulis showed the natural distribution law from north to south, and a part of distribution areas of B. saxatilis and B. amplexicaulis was coincidence. There were four culm types, including straight type, straight but top prolapsed type, climbing type, and creeping type. Phenotypic variation of culm high, leaf length and leaf width were significant. Based on variable coefficients from high to low, the index order of B. saxatilis was leaf width, culm height, leaf length in turn, and those of both B. amplexicaulis and B. saxatilis var. solida were culm height, leaf width, leaf length in turn. Due to rich resources and phenotypic variations, Bonia had the germplasm mining potential.