高龄危重患者股静脉采血方法的循证护理实践

The Evidence-based Nursing Practice of Blood Sampling from Femoral Vein on Elderly and Severe Patients

目的探讨适合高龄危重患者股静脉采血的最优方法。方法便利抽样法选取2013年3月至2014年12月在解放军第401医院干部病房三科住院的高龄危重患者212例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=104)和观察组(n=108)。对照组患者采用注射器连接头皮针法,观察组患者采用一次性采血针法,选择6名工作3年以上的护理人员负责采血。比较两组患者采血一次性穿刺成功率、皮下瘀斑和标本不合格发生率。结果两组患者采血一次性穿刺成功率和皮下瘀斑发生率的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者血标本不合格率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论一次性采血针法更适于高龄危重患者的股静脉采血。

Objective To discuss the best method of blood sampling from femoral vein on elderly and severe patients.Methods By convenience sampling,212 cases were selected and randomly divided into control group（n=104）and observation group（n=108）.The control group was applied with the method of injection syringe connected with scalp acupuncture,and the observation group was applied with the disposable blood needle.Six nurses with at least 3years working experiences were responsible for this blood sampling.The success rate of one-time puncture,incidence rate of ecchymosis and unqualified samples were compared.Results There was no statistical significance of the success ratio of one-time puncture and the incidence rate of ecchymosis between two groups（all P〈0.05）.The unqualified samples in the observation group was obviously more than that in the control group（P〈0.01）.Conclusion The method of using disposable blood needle is suitable for the blood sampling from femoral vein on elderly and severe patients.