城市社区感知融合度的影响因素——基于三个群体的比较

Influencing factors of community perceived cohesion:a comparison between three groups

现有文献对农民工城市社会融合的制度和体制限制的研究较多,而对农民工个体行为和心理融入城市社区的研究较少。借助社区感知融合的概念和测量方法,通过设计问卷、建立数据库,对农民工城市社区感知融合进行了研究,并把其和户籍居民、非农外来工进行了比较。结果显示,农民工城市社区感知融合度总体水平远低于户籍居民和非农外来工,特别是其中的城市社区归属感更是如此。进一步的分析显示,影响三个群体社区归属感和满足感的因素总体是一致的,但也存在差异。一致性表现为社区人际关系、社区政治参与、社区环境、文化等因素是影响三个群体社区归属感和满足感的主要因素,个人经济地位为非主要因素。差异性表现为社区居住年限、社区政治参与、社区人际关系等因素对三个群体社区归属感和满足感的具体作用不同。最后,根据农民工社区感知融合状况及影响因素,提出了培养农民工城市社区归属感和满足感的对策。

The present literature does more researches on the limitation of the system and structure of urban migrant workers＇ social integration rather than their individual behavior and psychology into city community. With the help of concept and measurement method of ＂Perceived Cohesion＂, the authors design the questionnaire and establish a database to carry on the research of migrant workers in urban community, and compare it with the permanent residents and other groups. The results show that the overall degree of the urban community integration of the migrant workers is far below the permanent residents and non - agricultural migrant workers, and particularly, it is even more difficult to develop the migrant workers＇ sense of belonging to the urban community. The overall factors of the three groups＇ sense of community belonging and feelings of satisfaction have little differences even though they are almost the same. The consistency of performance factors conclude community interpersonal relationships, community participation in politics, community environment, cultural factors, which are the main factors affecting the three groups＇ sense of community belonging and feelings of satisfaction while the factor of ＂personal economic status＂ is not a major factor. The factors of ＂ community living life, community participation in politics, community relations＂ play various specific roles on the three groups＇ sense of community belonging and feelings of satisfaction which is different. Finally, based on the perceived status of integration of migrant workers and influencing factors, the authors put forward some countermeasures on how to improve the sense of belonging and satisfaction of migrant workers.