19世纪德国“学说汇纂”体系的形成与发展 基于欧陆近代法学知识谱系的考察

The Emergence and Development of the German Pandectism in 19th Century A Study Based on Legal Knowledge Pedigree in Continental Europe

19世纪罗马派法学家们主要通过搜寻和整理罗马法素材,以自己的专业工作为德意志民族构建真正属于本民族的富有表达力和精确解释力的法律语言以及本民族的现代法律,沿着这样的理论企图、理路和方法,在历史法学派内部,逐渐生成出一种新的、独特的学问风格,这就是所谓的"学说汇纂学"。"现代学说汇纂体系"是哥廷根大学的罗马法教授古斯塔夫·胡果首次提出的,但格奥尔格·阿诺德·海泽在1807年出版《供学说汇纂授课之用的共同民法体系纲要》中勾勒出了一个近似"五编制"学说汇纂体系。在学说汇纂法学(理论)体系之构建上,中后期最有代表性和原创力的学者是伯恩哈德·温德沙伊德和海因里希·德尔恩堡。19世纪德国的学说汇纂学对于德国的法律实务、《德国民法典》的编纂以及其他国家法学的发展均具有重要的影响。

The Romanistic jurists have built expressive and accurately explanatory and modern law truly belonging to themselves for German work mainly through searching and compiling Roman law nation based on their division materials. Going through this legal language of professional theoretical intent, routing and methodology, among historical school of law,it has gradually formed a new and unique academia feature, which is so--called ＂Pandectism＂ [Pandektenwissenschaft/Pandektistik]. The modern system of Pandectism [Das moderne Pandektensystem] was first proposed by Gustav Hugo, Professor Roman law in University of Gottingen, but Georg Arnold Heise established a theory compiling system resembling with the system of Pandectism [Das funfteilige Pandektensystem] in GrundriB eines Systems des gemeinen Civilrechts zum Beruf yon Pandecten--VorZesungen published in 1807. In the theory figu- ration and establishment of Pandektenwissenschaft, the most representive scholars with original thoughts in the middle and later period are Bernhard Windscheid and Heinrich Dernburg. Pandectism in Germany in 19th century has a huge impact on legal practice, the compiling of German Civil Code [Burgerliches Gesetzbuch] and the development of legal theory in other nations.