日龄及性别对橘小实蝇实验种群飞行能力的影响

Effects of gender and age( in days) on flight capacity of an experimental population of the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis( Hendel)

利用飞行磨系统对实验种群橘小实蝇的1、6、11、16、21、26、31日龄的7个雌雄个体分别进行22h连续吊飞试验,测定其累计飞行距离、累计飞行时间、平均飞行速度。橘小实蝇原始种群采自湖南长沙,经室内连续饲养约30代,成为试验种群。试验环境条件为连续光照条件,温度25℃,RH 60%—80%,光照强度为990 lx。整个吊飞过程不补充食物和水份。共得到179组吊飞数据,其中雌虫86组,雄虫93组,每个日龄处理不少于9头。结果显示随着日龄的增加,橘小实蝇雌蝇和雄蝇的飞行能力均逐渐增加,到达16日龄后雌蝇飞行能力迅速下降,表现为单峰型;雄蝇的飞行能力在16—31日龄一般维持较高水平,但在26日龄有一定波动。16日龄雌蝇和雄蝇的累计飞行距离分别是(2485.6±2287.2)m和(2152.3±1773.3)m。其中1头21日龄雄性个体的累计飞行距离最大,完成了8795.80 m的飞行。雌蝇累计飞行距离最远的发生在16日龄,为8116.6 m。日龄对橘小实蝇的累计飞行距离和平均飞行速度的影响都达到了显著水平(前者,F=2.88,P<0.05;后者,F=4.98,P<0.01)。雌蝇和雄蝇的平均飞行速度的差异达到了显著水平(F=4.10,P<0.05)。日龄和性别的互作对平均飞行速度的影响也达到了显著水平(F=2.74,P<0.05)。尽管实验种群不能完全代表野生种群,研究结果对研究橘小实蝇扩散规律及综合防治,特别是改进橘小实蝇雄性不育技术仍有重要的参考价值。

In this study,adult individuals of the oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis（ Hendel）,from an experimental population of 7 age groups（ 1,6,11,16,21,26,and 31 days of age） was subjected to the conditions of 25 ＂C,relative humidity 60% —80%,and light intensity 990 lx. The flight test was finished after 22 h from the beginning,and no food or water was provided during this procedure. The original population of this experimental group was collected in Changsha,Hunan,China,and was reared in the laboratory for about 30 generations. One set of data,including total flight distance（ TFD）,total flight duration,and average flight velocity（ AFV）,could be obtained when a fruit fly flew a distance 20 m.In total,179 sets of data were collected from 86 females and 93 males. The results showed that females at 16 days of age reached the maximum of flight capacity after emergence,but males of 16—31 days of age generally kept the flight capacity at a high level with fluctuation at 26 days of age. TFD of 16-day-old female and male flies was（ 2485. 6 ± 2287. 2） and（ 2152.3±1773.3） m,respectively. The farthest trip,8795.80 m,was made by a male fly at 21 days of age. The farthest trip among female flies occurred at 16 days of age and TFD 8116.6 m. TFD and AFV significantly differed among fruit fliesof different ages（ TFD,F = 2.88,P〈0.05; AFV,F = 4.98,P〈0.01）. AFV was significantly different between male and female flies（ F = 4.10,P〈0.05）. There was a significant difference in the impact on AFV that was caused by an interaction between sex and age（ F = 2.74,P〈0.05）. Although the experimental population is not identical to the wild population in terms of flight capacity,the findings of this study are expected to advance the research on diffusion patterns,integrated pest management,and especially the studies on the improvement of the release methods based on the sterile insect technique for this dangerous quarantine pest.