雾霾影响下不同阶层市民日常消费活动与制约

Daily Consumption Activities of Different Classes Impacted by Smog and Their Constraint

由于不同阶层居民资源获取和选择能力的差异,导致雾霾这种外部环境制约有差异地内化为个人的感知和心理制约,出现不同阶层在恶劣天气环境下的日常生活时空行为差异。通过对南京市老城南地区居民日常消费活动的调查访谈与情景阐释,发现雾霾影响下居民的消费活动随着消费类型以及消费者阶层的差异呈现不同的时空间变化特征。另外,由于不同阶层冲破制约的能力存在差别,致使应对雾霾的消费行为与活动出现差异。低阶层面对恶劣天气影响的能动性非常局限,往往做出被动妥协行为,而中、高阶层则积极主动应对雾霾危害。研究进一步强调,负面环境制约,如消极的天气影响,有可能放大现有的社会经济差异,使不同阶层之间的日常生活空间隔离加剧。

Unprecedented widespread serious smog, which has occurred for recent years in China, has had severe impact on almost every aspect of social lives. This study makes effort to find detail conditions of the influence on residents＇ daily consumption activities, and their differences among different classes. The assumption is that, as a kind of external constraint, the smog causes temporal-spatial variations of residents＇ daily consumption activities, as well as the differentiation among social groups, when it encounters individual initiatives in different socioeconomic contexts. Following the interpretivism approach of situation analysis, this study conducts surveys and interviews with residents of different class, who are living in a special inner city section of Nanjing, namely the old Southern City, where lower, middle and higher classes neighborhoods are located adjacently, and which is near to diversity consumption places. This study finds that, under the influence of smog, there are different temporal-spatial changes of consumption activity among different consumption types, as well as different classes. Furthermore, when it is smoggy, there are different consumption behavior and activities due to different ability to break through the constraints. The different ability to break the constraints is mainly caused by the differences in economic conditions and social networks. The lower class usually has very poor capacity in struggling against bad weather, and they always make passive compromises, while the middle and higher classes can proactively respond to the smog hazard. This study further highlights that the daily-life spatial segregation among different classes is intensified, when negative environmental constraints, such as bad weather conditions, are adding to existing segregated social economic isolation. According to the research results, some suggestions are put forward as follows： 1） adopting life style-oriented spatial policy; 2） improving the convenient level of connection between public transportation and the daily consumption spaces; 3） giving lower class residents＇ daily life more social concern and policy support.