转基因食品标识的争论及得失利弊的分析与研究

Studies on the Pros and Cons on Global GM Food Labeling Debate

全球第1例转基因作物于1996年在美国商业化。自其商业化以来,转基因产品在全球广泛应用多年。然而近些年在世界转基因产品消费大国——美国出现了对转基因食品是否进行强制标识的争论:一方面部分消费者和行业组织希望对转基因食品进行强制标识,以获得知情权和选择权;另一方面美国食品监管机构认为转基因食品与传统食品实质等同,不应基于生产方法而进行监管。目前美国政府对转基因食品采用自愿标识管理。本文结合其它国家和地区转基因标识管理的现状,以美国转基因食品标识争论为主线,分析争论的焦点和相关政策的变化,以期对我国转基因食品标识管理提供借鉴。

Since the first GM crop was commercialized in 1996, GM crop and GM food has been widely used in US for nearly 20 years. Recently, the mandatory labeling of GM food has become the predominant policy issue concerning biotechnology in US. The controversy over GM labeling is being debated at several different levels. Consumers ＇choice and public opinion is the focus from pro-mandatory labeling activists, however, US regulatory authorities believe that GM food is substantial equivalent to traditional food. Therefore, the regulation against mandatory GM labeling has been adopted by regulatory agencies in past 20 plus years. Considering GM food labeling regulations in other countries/regions, the focus and related policy changes of this debate will be analyzed, which can be the reference to regulators in China.