农村留守儿童性与生殖健康现状及影响因素研究

Sexual and reproductive health status and influencing factors of rural left- behind children

目的：了解农村留守儿童性与生殖健康现状及影响因素,为家庭、学校、社会等多方面关注与改善农村留守儿童性与生殖健康状况提供依据。方法：2014年9月至11月,采取自行设计的问卷,对江苏省宿迁市和徐州市年龄在9-16岁的农村留守儿童进行调查。在调查的535份有效问卷中,以问卷填答完整和2013年以来父母双方或一方到本乡镇以外打工、没有和父母双亲共同居住的孩子界定为留守儿童为标准,共筛选出369名留守儿童作为此次研究的对象。结果：农村留守儿童获得性知识的主要途径是＂网络＂和＂学校教育＂,比例分别为36.6%和23.0%;6.8%的留守儿童发生过性行为,其中56.0%是与同学发生性行为。二分类Logistic回归分析显示留守儿童的性别、出生地、所在年级、与父母交流情况、父母外出打工时孩子的安全感、抗压能力、班主任关心程度、倾诉对象对其过早发生性行为均有统计学意义。结论：留守儿童性教育缺失,存在的性与生殖健康问题不容忽视。家庭、学校与社会应多方共同努力,重视留守儿童的性健康教育,促进农村留守儿童健康成长。

Objectives： To understand the health status and influencing factors of rural left- behind children＇s sexual and reproductive health,so as to provide the basis for the family,school,society and other aspects concerned with improving the health status of rural left behind children＇s sexual and reproductive health. Methods：The survey was taken on the rural left- behind children aged from 9 to 16 in Suqian city and Xuzhou city,Jiangsu province,from September to November,2014,who adopt the self- designed questionnaire. Children with one or both parents to work outside of the town since 2013,and those whose both parents did not live together with them were defined as left- behind children. 369 left- behind children were selected as the subjects of this study,who were from the 535 effective questionnaires. Results： The main ways of rural left- behind children acquiring knowledge were ＂ network＂ and ＂ school education＂,rates of 36. 6% and 23. 0%; 6. 8% of the left- behind children had sexual behavior,56% of which were resulting from having sex with their classmates. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that these factors included gender,grade,place of birth,communication between parents and children,children＇s sense of security when their parents work out,compressive ability,degree of care from head teacher and shoulder to cry on. Conclusions： Left- behind children are lack of sex education. Sexual and reproductive health problems cannot be ignored. Family,school and society should make joint efforts in many ways to pay attention to sexual health education of left- behind children and promote their healthy growth.