跨期决策是基于选项还是基于维度?

Is intertemporal choice alternative-based or attribute-based?

跨期决策有许多不同的理论模型,按其所指信息加工过程,可以分成基于选项的和基于维度的两类决策模型。前者认为各跨期选项被独立赋予一个主观价值,主观价值最大的选项被选择;而后者则认为选项是基于维度被比较的,比较中占优势的选项被选择。本文从行为结果、过程数据和对基于选项模型基本假设的质疑等角度综述了近来支持基于维度模型的证据;并提出未来需要进一步应用认知行为实验和眼动追踪技术对两类模型进行过程研究、在基于维度模型的指导下进行f MRI研究,以及加强损失领域的跨期决策研究以完善跨期决策模型。

Based on information processing, models of intertemporal choice can be classified into two broad classes： alternative-based models and attribute-based models. The former assume that options are independently assigned an overall value. These values are then compared, and the option with the highest value is chosen. The latter assumes that options are directly compared along their attributes, and the option favored by these comparisons is chosen. This paper reviews recent evidence supporting the attribute-based models with regard to behavioral results, process data and violations of assumptions of the alternative-based models. The paper suggests that, researchers should strengthen process-oriented studies by adopting cognitive experiments and eye-tracking techniques, conduct f MRI studies with the guidance of the attribute-based models, and expand the research of intertemporal choice into the loss domain.