生命史理论概述及其与社会心理学的结合——以道德行为为例

A brief introduction of Life History Theory and its combination with social psychology: Moral behaviors as an example

生命史理论作为进化心理学的代表性理论之一,同时关注了环境因素和个体经验,是社会心理与个人心理的有机结合,但是该理论目前在社会心理学领域得到的关注还相当有限。因此该理论具体的建立、发展过程,主要理论观点,以及主要测量方法、测量工具都需要进行详细的梳理和介绍,以便于研究者对其有较为全面的理解。此外,结合社会心理学的重要研究主题——道德行为,可以发现不同生命史策略在个体的亲社会行为、不道德/暴力犯罪行为上可能有不同的表现,并且控制感、安全感和调节定向理论都会是其可能的影响机制。因此在未来的研究中,应该将生命史理论在社会心理学领域进行更广泛的应用,为社会心理学研究者提供一个分析道德行为的新视角。

Life History Theory（LHT）, as one of the representative theories in evolutionary psychology, has integrated the influences of both social and individual factors. It mainly focuses on the effects of individuals＇ early experiences and living environment, and it is closely linked to research topics in social psychology. However, it only received limited attention in the field of social psychology. Therefore, in attempt to draw more attention to LHT and give readers a thorough understanding of it, this paper will explore through its establishment, process of development, core concepts and tenets and major measurements. Also, LHT is frequently used to analyze moral behaviors, which constitutes a significant part of social psychology. In doing so, researchers try to find out how fast and slow life history strategy would exert influences on pro-social, unethical/violent criminal behaviors; and propose possible mediators, such as the locus of control, sense of security, and the regulatory focus. Therefore, researchers see the need to broadly apply LHT in studying social psychology, as it would provide new perspectives and shed new light on the research of morality.