摘要
黄土高原，位于中国的干旱、半干旱的区域，由于强烈人的活动和土壤 erodibility 经历重要土壤侵蚀。探索并且识别能控制土壤侵蚀并且完成某些农业生产能力的陆地使用类型或陆地使用模式是必要的。这研究在 Yan'an 的北方与二个斜坡坡度(5 °
和 15 °
) 建立了流量阴谋，黄土高原的一个区域，与 3 单身者一起，陆地使用打字(栽培土地， CL；switchgrass， SG；并且放弃了土地， AL ) 并且 2 种合成陆地使用类型(CL-SG 和 CL-AL ) 。从 2006 ～ 2012，我们连续地监视了降雨特征，流量深度，土壤损失，植被范围，和土壤物理性质。结果为 5 种陆地使用类型在流量和土壤损失事件的数字显示了一个一般趋势：CL = CL-SG > CL-AL > SG > AL。为流量深度，土壤损失，他们变化的大小，和降雨流量回归方程的斜坡的一般趋势是 CL > CL-SG > CL-AL > SG > AL，而为流量产生的降雨阀值展出了相反的趋势。nonparametric 的结果关于流量 depth/EI <sub>30</sub> 和 EI <sub>30</sub> 在 30 min，和关系回归显示了的流量深度土壤损失上是降雨动能和最大的降雨紧张的产品的土壤 loss/EI <sub>30</sub>, 测试 CL-AL 的效果类似于 SG 的；SG 类似于 AL；并且 CL-AL， SG，和 AL 比关于土壤和水保存的 CL 优异。显著地作为斜坡坡度增加的流量深度和土壤损失增加了。流量深度和土壤损失显著地分别地与土壤粒子尺寸作文和体积密度被相关。最强壮的重要关联在流量深度和植被范围之间以及在土壤损失和植被范围之间被发现，它证明那篇植被报道是控制土壤侵蚀的主要因素。因此，因为土壤保存和农业生产的某个度在学习区域是必要的，合成陆地使用类型 CL-AL 和人工的草地(SG ) 是适当选择。
The Loess Plateau, which is located in the arid and semi-arid areas of China, experiences significant soil erosion due to intense human activities and soil erodibility. It is necessary to explore and identify the land-use types or land-use patterns that can control soil erosion and achieve certain agricultural production capabilities. This study established runoff plots with two slope gradients （5° and 15°） in north of Yan＇an, one area of the Loess Plateau, with 3 single land-use types （cultivated land, CL; switchgrass, SG; and abandoned land, AL） and 2 composite land-use types （CL-SG and CL-AL）. From 2006 to 2012, we continuously monitored the rainfall characteristics, runoff depth, soil loss, vegetation coverage, and soil physical properties. The results indicated a general trend in the number of runoff and soil loss events for the 5 land-use types： CL = CL-SG 〉 CL-AL 〉 SG〉 AL. The general trend for runoff depth, soil loss, their magnitudes of variation, and the slopes of rainfall-runoff regression equation was CL 〉 CL-SG 〉 CL-AL 〉 SG 〉 AL, whereas the rainfall threshold for runoff generation exhibited the opposite trend. Results of nonparametric test regarding runoff depth/EI3o and soil loss/EI3o, where EI3o is the product of rainfall kinetic energy and the maximum rainfall intensity over 30 min, and the runoff depth-soil loss relationship regression indicated that the effect of CL-AL was similar to that of SG; SG was similar to AL; and CL-AL, SG, and AL were superior to CL with regard to soil and water conservation. Runoff depth and soil loss significantly increased as the slope gradient increased. Runoff depth and soil loss were significantly correlated with the soil particle size composition and bulk density, respectively. The strongest significant correlations were found between runoff depth and vegetation coverage as well as between soil loss and vegetation coverage, which showed that vegetation coverage was the primary factor controlling soil erosion. Therefore, the composite land-use type CL-AL and the artificial grassland （SG） are appropriate options because both soil conservation and a certain degree of agricultural production are necessary in the study area.
基金
This work was supported by the National Natu- ral Science Foundation of China （Nos. 41390462 and 41501201） and the foundation of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China （No. 2015-01-62）. The authors wish to acknowledge the Ansai Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences for their support and contributions to this fieldwork. Special gratitude is expressed to two anonymous re- viewers for their valuable suggestions in improving the manuscript.
