论中国刺绣技艺的保护与传承——基于群体智慧的SMART模型

On the Protection and Inheritance of Embroidery in China——Based on the SMART Model

刺绣作为重要的非物质文化遗产类型和传统文化的重要载体,在理论建构、工艺技法和内容展现上形成了一套较为完整的文化体系,被列入我国非物质文化遗产保护名录体系,形成了以政府为主导的刺绣保护与传承模式。刺绣的时空特征与载体特征表明,刺绣是根植于社会群体智慧的结晶,以此为基础重构刺绣的传承模式是刺绣传承的历史回归,也是与政府为主导的刺绣保护与传承模式并行不悖的理性选择。基于群体智慧的刺绣传承的SMART模型由主体、客体、要素、功能四个方面组成,涉及服务、管理、应用、资源和技术五个关键要素,而实现该模型则需要通过群体认知、群体认同和群体创作三条路径。

As an important kind of intangible cultural heritage and essential carrier of traditional culture,a set of theory development,crafting techniques and content presentation for embroidery has been set up.The embroidery was being included into the list system of the intangible cultural heritage of China and the protection and inheritance of embroidery was mainly led by government.Embroidery＇s time and spatial characteristics as well as carrier characteristics show that it＇s the wisdom of social groups.Based on above factors,it＇s necessary to rebuild the Inheritance model of embroidery,it＇s also a rational choice runs parallel with the model led by government.The SMART model of embroidery inheritance is made up of four aspects：subject,object,factors and functions,there are also five key elements in it,including service,management,application,resource and technology;and the model can be implemented by collective recognition,collective identity and collective creation.