馆阁与郎署——文学话语权的争夺与明代文学之流变

The Group of Civil Government and Langshu(郎署)——Competing for Discourse Power and the Changes of Literature in Ming Dynasty

明代成化、弘治以前,文学多为馆阁垄断,郎署官少有为之,他们与文学权力基本上是绝缘的。其后,郎署文学意识迅速觉醒,这在很大程度上致使前七子迅速崛起于文坛,明中叶主流文风为之转向,文权开始向郎署分化。"文必先秦、两汉,诗必汉魏、盛唐",既是郎署文学意识觉醒的重要表征,又是前七子迅速崛起的一个重要因素。这一主张的提出,与明中期主流学术的转向密切相关,且有一过程。从中可窥明中后期主流文学宗尚转向之轨迹,把握文学发展演变的某些特点与规律。同时也表明,谁掌握了话语权,谁就能更加便于推行、强化自己的文学主张。

It was not until Chenghua（成化）and Hongzhi（弘治）period of Ming Dynasty,officials were offered opportunities to do literary creations of which they had been long deprived before due to the cultural monopoly of Hanlin（翰林）Forum and Cabinet composers.With the awakening of the Langshu（郞署）Officials＇ literary awareness,Qianqizi（前七子）soon became prominent in the literary arena,shifting the mainstream literary trend of the Mid-Ming Dynasty and diverging literary right to the official.＂Prose being of Qin-Han style,and poem of Han,Wei,and Tang style＂shows not only an important indication of the awakening of Langshu（郞署）Official literary awareness but also one of primary factors for the booming of Qianqizi（前七子）.The proposal of this literary standpoint is closely related to the transformation of the mainstream literary trend of Ming Dynasty and endures a period of development,from which we can get a glimpse of the transition of the mainstream literary in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and grasp some features and regularities of the literary development in Ming Dynasty.At the same time,it also shows that who has the right of speech,who will be more convenient to implement and strengthen their own literary ideas.