小浪底水库周边生态承载力时空动态评价

Spatial Temporal Dynamic Appraisal of Ecological Carrying Capacity of Peripheral Areas of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

为识别小浪底水库周边县(市)生态承载力的变化过程与驱动力,在流域生态承载力研究的基础上,利用小浪底水库周边地区1990年、2000年、2010年3个时期的遥感影像,将研究区土地利用类型划分为耕地、草地、林地、建筑用地、水域和未利用地,基于生态足迹法计算了研究区域内3个时期的生态承载力,通过生态承载力转移矩阵及其组分分析,识别了研究区内各土地利用类型生态承载力的转移信息。结果表明:夏县、渑池县和孟县的生态承载力最高,3个县从1990年到2000年生态承载力变化不大,2010年小浪底水库运行10 a后,渑池县的生态承载力下降,孟县位于小浪底水库下游,生态承载力提高;研究区域总生态承载力呈现先升高后下降的趋势;三门峡市、义马市、洛阳市与平陆县的总生态承载力和平均生态承载力较低;1990—2010年,耕地生态承载力主要转向建筑用地。

The purpose of this paper is to identify the change process of ecological carrying capacity and driving forces of peripheral areas ofXiaolangdi Reservoir. We interpreted three remote sensing images in 1990, 2000 and 2010 combined with the landscape ecology, ecologicalfootprint and ecological carrying capacity models on the base of previous researches on watershed ecological carrying capacity. The ecologicalcarrying capacity transformation of different land use types was identified by the analysis of ecological carrying capacity transfer matrix basedon ecological footprint calculation results of the ecological carrying capacity in the study area at different temporal scales. The results showthat the ecological carrying capacity of Xiaxian County, Mianchi County and Mengxian County are the highest, and had a little change in theperiod of 1990-2010. After the Xiaolangdi Reservoir operation for 10 years, in 2010, the ecological carrying capacity of Mianchi County isreduced and Mengxian County located on the downstream of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir is increased. The total ecological carrying capacity of thestudy area increases first and then declines. The total and average ecological carrying capacity of Sanmenxia City, Yima City, Luoyang Cityand Pinglu County are relatively lower. The ecological carrying capacity of farmland has mainly transferred to building land from 1990 to2010.