论越语中的变体双音节汉越词

Comparison and Fundamental Research of Variations in Disyllabic Sino-Vietnamese Vocabulary

据统计,越南语中"汉越词"的数量占到越南语词汇总量65%,因此,研究"汉越词"对汉语教学以及越南语教学有很大的帮助。本文全面搜集权威越南语词典中的汉越词,统计出所有变体双音节汉越词,并从双音节汉越词的词序、语音和越化三个角度来分析双音节汉越词的特点,归纳出变体双音节汉越词形成的原因。经研究发现,汉语进入越南语之后必须根据越南语的句法、构词方式来创造新词,汉语词汇已经被越化。此外,变体双音节汉越词还受到越南人的语言、思维习惯和中国南方方言的影响。

According to statistical analysis, Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary comprises approximately 60% of the Vietnamese language. Thus, the study of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary can yield valuable results for Vietnamese students of the Chinese language and Chinese students of the Vietnamese language. This article comprehensively analyses SinoVietnamese vocabulary as it is listed in authoritative dictionaries of the Vietnamese language, and then categorises variations in disyllabic Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary with respect to word order, phonology, and level of＂Vietification＂, in order to find the origin of the formation of said variations. The research presented in this paper indicates that upon entrance into the Vietnamese language, Chinese vocabulary must undergo a process of grammaticalisation and re-construction in order to become fully naturalised. In addition, variable disyllabic Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary is also necessarily affected by the language and thought habits of Vietnamese language speakers, as well as those of speakers of various southern dialects of Chinese.