咸宁市居民碘营养状况调查

Analysis on iodine nutritional status among residents in Xianning

目的评估湖北省咸宁市居民的碘营养水平现状,为持续消除碘缺乏病提供指导。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取1 800份居民食用碘盐样本和304份8~10岁学龄儿童尿碘样本,用直接滴定法测定盐中碘含量;用砷铈催化分光光度测定法测定尿碘。结果咸宁市食用盐盐碘中位数为23.30mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率为94.06%,碘盐覆盖率达100.00%,合格碘盐占94.06%,未发现非碘盐。不同地区合格碘盐食用率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=52.895,P〈0.05）。8~10岁学龄儿童尿碘中位数为257.01μg/L,碘营养缺乏的比例为3.62%。不同性别和年龄儿童尿碘频数分布差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.453,P〉0.05;H=3.654,P〉0.05）,不同地区儿童尿碘频数分布差异有统计学意义（H=11.274,P〈0.05）。结论咸宁市食用盐盐碘中位数比湖北省食用盐碘含量标准25mg/kg略低,可能是因为食盐生产中碘含量配置偏低,或居民生活过程中损失较多所致;咸宁市居民食盐加碘后的防治效果显著,但碘营养状况提示碘摄入超足量,需要重视长期摄入过量而致病的危险。

Objective To evaluate the current iodine nutritional status among the local residents in Xianning and provide reference for sustained elimination of iodine deficiency disordors（IDD）. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1800 iodized salt samples and urine samples from school children aged 8 to 10 years old. The content of Iodine in salt was determined by direct titration while urine Iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results The median value of salt iodine was 23.30mg/kg.The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 94.06%.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 100.00%.The qualified and the non-qualified rate of iodized salt were respectively 94.06% and 5.94%,and non iodized salt was not worked out. The frequency distribution of children＇s urine iodine in different regions had effectively significant difference（ χ^2=52.895,P〈0.05）. The median value of urinary iodine of the children aged 8 ~10 years in Xianning was 257.01 μg/L. The frequency distribution of children＇s urine iodine showed no significant difference in different genders and ages（Z=-1.453,P〉0.05;H=3.654,P〉0.05）,but it showed effectively significant difference among different regions（H=11.274,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The median value of salt iodine in Xianning is lightly lower than its standard in Hubei province, owing to the low allocation of iodine in edible salt production or the high loss in residents＇ daily life. The achievement of IDD prevention is remarkable by using iodine salt in Xianning. However, the Iodine nutrition status indicates that Iodine intake is more than adequate and more attention need to pay for long-term intake of excessive Iodine.