北京设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染水平及污染特征研究

Pollution characteristics and pollution level of phthalic acid ester in soils of facility vegetable bases of Beijing

目的开展北京地区典型设施蔬菜基地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯类（phthalic acid ester,PAEs）污染物污染特征的研究,分析北京设施农业土壤中的PAEs的污染水平和污染特征,评估北京设施土壤中PAEs的潜在风险。方法采集北京昌平、延庆和顺义的10个典型设施蔬菜基地60个大棚的土壤样品,利用超声波提取、气相色谱质谱联用技术分析土壤中15种PAEs。结果在分析的北京设施蔬菜土壤样品中PAEs化合物的检出率为100%,15种PAEs总的浓度范围在0.05~2.02 mg/kg,平均含量为0.98 mg/kg。其中以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）含量最高,其次为邻苯二甲酸（2-乙基）己酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（Di BP）。结论由于设施菜地地膜的大量应用,使得PAEs成为设施土壤中广泛存在的一类有机污染物,其潜在环境风险值得引起关注。

Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics by analyzing the pollution level of phthalic acid ester（PAEs） in soils of facility vegetable base of Beijing, and evaluate the pollution risks in the soil. Methods Sixty samples were collected from 10 typical agricultural fields settled in Changping, Yanqing and Shunyi District. The methods of ultrasonic extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were applied to analyze 15 kinds of PAEs. Results The results indicated that the detection rate of PAEs was 100%, and the total concentrations of 15 kinds of PAEs ranged from 0.05 to 2.02 mg/kg, with the average content of 0.98 mg/kg in the soil samples of Beijing facilities vegetable bases. Dibutyl phthalatecontent was the highest, followed by hexyl acrylate and diisobutyl phthalate. Conclusion PAEs has become an organic pollutant in the facility soil due to widely application of film in agricultural soil and its potential environmental risk deserves more attention.