韩国傩礼活动中的传统戏剧

The Traditional Drama in Korea Nuo Activities

傩礼最初只是除夕夜由宫廷或民间的演员头带假面,手持道具,高声念诵咒文以驱赶恶鬼的一种仪式。高丽时代末期,傩礼中杂戏的比重越来越大,傩礼逐渐作为杂戏——傩礼戏(即傩戏)被接受下来。在高丽时代傩礼中演出了五方鬼舞、狮子舞("白泽舞")、吐火、吞剑、西域胡人舞、走索、处容舞及扮演百兽的假面剧等等。在朝鲜时代傩礼中演出了弄丸、步索、傀儡戏、长竿戏,处容舞等等。无论是中国还是韩国的傩礼,都随着时代的变迁结合了民间信仰,也添加了地方特色。例如,在韩国,每年农历正月初农乐队都会挨家挨户地举行跳地神民俗活动,这种民间传统即由傩礼演变而来。农乐队称这种跳地神的活动为埋鬼,也有记载证明傩礼又称之为埋鬼。

Initially Nuo is only a ritual that actors from the palace or the folk wore mask, armed with props, and recited the mantra aloud to ward off the evil spirits on New Year＇s Eve. Till the late age of Korea, the proportion of miscellaneous drama is more and more big in Nuo ritual, the Nuo ceremony gradually as miscellaneous play- Nuo ritual play（that is Nuo Play） have been accepted. Nuo ritual performed Wufanggui dancing, lion dancing（ ＂Baize dancing＂）, fire spitting, sword swallowing, Huren dancing in Xiyu, rope dancing, Churong dancing and the beasts masque play and so on in the era of Korea. In the era of North Korea, Nuo ritual performed Longwan, rope dancing,puppet play, the long pole play, Churong dancing and so on. Nuo ceremony both in China and South Korea has combined with folk beliefs with the changes of the times, and also added the local characteristics. In South Korea, for example, at the beginning of the first lunar month every year farmers band will be held from door to door to jump to god as a folk custom activity, this kind of folk tradition is transformed from the Nuo ceremony. Farmers band called the jump activities of god the demons bury, and also there is a record to show that the Nuo ceremony is known as the demons bury.