族际居住隔离:边缘族群三撬人的迁徙落寨与族群认同的建构

Ethnic Residential Segregation:The Migration and Settlement of Sanqiao People of a Marginal Ethnic Group,and the Construction of Ethnic Identity

三撬人是因清代清水江流域山地开发而由湖南靖州锹里地区迁徙至黔东南黎平、锦屏两县交界区域的边缘族群。三撬人的迁徙落寨和族际居住隔离模式,既是这一区域间资源竞争中必然结成的合作、区分、对抗的一种物质化的隐喻形式,也是其族群生存必然采取的一种文化保护和文化表达形式。多族群共生环境中的族际居住隔离模式,既是族群边界区分的一种形式,也是建构族群认同的一种必然形式。

Sanqiao People is the marginal ethnic group who moved from Qiuli,Jingzhou of Hunan Province to the border areas of Liping and Jinping counties in Southwestern Guizhou Province because of the exploitation of mountain areas along Qingshui River during the Qing Dynasty. The patterns of migration and settlement and ethnic residential segregation of Sanqiao People are both materialized metaphor of cooperation,distinction,resistance generated in resources competition in the area,as well as a cultural protection and a cultural expression for the necessity of ethnic survival. The pattern of ethnic residential segregation in co-living environment of multiple ethnic groups is not only a form of ethnic boundary distinction,also a necessary form of constructing ethnic identity.