论民事重复起诉的识别及规制——对《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第247条的解析

The Recognition and Restraint of Repeated Suits——the scan of the artical 247 of Interpretation on the Application of the “Civil Procedural Law”

2015年颁布的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》首次以当事人、诉讼标的、诉讼请求三要件作为我国民事纠纷重复起诉的识别要件。但是由于我国因历史原因造成诉讼标的与诉讼请求并未沿袭大陆法系国家传统,采诉讼标的实体法学说时,保持二者在概念上的一致性。因此对重复起诉进行识别时,将诉讼请求与诉讼标的作为并列的识别要件,极易引发理解和适用上的混乱。文章对重复起诉识别的不同学说进行分析评述后,通过对诉讼标的与诉讼请求关系的辨析,提出我国对重复起诉进行识别时,仍应当坚持以当事人和诉讼标的二要素作为判断要件。同时,基于本土化考虑,审判中应当充分发挥法官的释明作用,以保障当事人诉权以及有效预防重复起诉现象的发生。

Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court on the Application of the＂Civil Procedural Law of the People＇s Republic of China＂of this year stipulates that the recognition of repeated suits must analyze the suits of litigant,object of litigation,and claim. But our country didn＇t follow the tradition of civil law countries,keeping the object of litigation and claim the same conception. If us use the object of litigation and claim to recognize the repeated suits,it＇s easily lead to confusion in understanding and application. This article analyzes the different theory of recognition criterion of repeated suits,and the relationship of the object of litigation and claim,proposing we must insist on using the object of litigation and claim to recognize the repeated suits. Considering the special situation of our country,we should exert the judge＇s authority of inquiry in the case,guaranteeing the use of litigation＇s actio,and preventing the repeated suits