蔬菜中多效唑残留的膳食暴露与风险评估

Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Paclobutrazol Residue in Vegetables

多效唑是蔬菜种植中常用的延缓类生长调节剂。为明确蔬菜中多效唑残留的膳食摄入风险,开展了马铃薯、番茄和茄子3个蔬菜品种的规范残留试验和市场抽样监测,并基于以上数据对蔬菜中多效唑残留进行了膳食摄入慢性风险和急性风险评估,提出了蔬菜中多效唑的推荐MRL值。结果表明,蔬菜中多效唑的国家估计每日摄入量为0.040~0.21μg/（kg bw·d）,仅占ADI的0.04%~0.21%,国家估计短期摄入量为0.070~0.95μg/（kg bw·d）,仅占ARf D的0.07%~0.95%,基于规范残留试验和市场监测得到的评估结果相一致,蔬菜中多效唑残留对我国各类人群的膳食摄入慢性风险极低,急性风险水平虽在不同人群和不同蔬菜品种中有差异,但整体风险也非常低,均在可接受范围内;蔬菜中多效唑残留的建议MRL值为0.5 mg/kg,该值对我国各类人群多效唑暴露的保护水平为12.5~50倍。

Paclobutrazol is a common growth retardant used in vegetable cultivation. In order to understand the risk associated with dietary intake of paclobutrazol residue in vegetables, a supervised residue trial as well as monitoring of the market for potato, tomato, and eggplant was conducted. Chronic risk assessment and acute risk assessment techniques for paclobutrazol residue in vegetables were developed based on the above experimental data, and the recommended maximum residue limit（MRL） for paclobutrazol in vegetables was proposed. The assessment results showed that the national estimated daily intake（NEDI） values of paclobutrazol in vegetables was in the range of 0.040~0.21 μg/（kg bw·d） for all groups of Chinese residents, accounting only for 0.04%~0.21% of the acceptable daily intake（ADI）. The national estimated short-term daily intake（NESTI） was between 0.070~0.95 μg/（kg bw·d）, accounting only for 0.07%~0.95% of the acute reference dose（ARf D）. The assessment result for the supervised trials was consistent with the results from market monitoring. The chronic dietary intake of paclobutrazol residue in vegetables was very low for all groups of Chinese residents. Despite the variation between the different groups of people and different types of vegetables, the acute risk levels of paclobutrazol residue in vegetables was very low and within an acceptable range. The chronic and acute risk levels were both within an acceptable limit. The recommended paclobutrazol MRL in vegetables was 0.5 mg/kg, which was 12.5~50 times as much as the paclobutrazol exposure levels in all groups of Chinese residents.