绿色贸易壁垒对我国苹果出口的影响分析——基于我国出口日本的实证研究

Impacts of green trade barriers on apple export in China——An empirical study on the export to Japan

我国是苹果生产和出口大国,改革开放以来苹果出口贸易额不断增加,苹果出口在出口贸易中占有很大比例。但在我国加入WTO后,日本、美国等国家制定了一系列绿色环境法规,对苹果的进口设置绿色贸易壁垒,严重制约我国苹果出口。构造和推导引力模型,以我国苹果出口日本的贸易为例,对我国2003—2013年间苹果的出口数据进行分析,研究绿色贸易壁垒对我国苹果出口的影响,结果发现绿色贸易壁垒影响了我国出口苹果的数额和产量。据此提出以下五点建议:(1)收集和研究国外绿色贸易壁垒措施并对相关种植商和企业进行通报预警;(2)引进先进的检测设备,加强对苹果出口的检验及监管;(3)发展绿色生态苹果种植模式;(4)利用相关国际政策机制解决贸易纠纷,减少出口损失;(5)改进产品出口的结构和种类,与国际组织进行沟通和交流。

In terms of apple production and export,China is a major country in the world. Since the reform and opening up,the apple export trade amount increases greatly,the apple export occupies a great proportion in export trade. However,after joining the WTO,Japan,America and other countries have made a series of green environmental regulations and set up green trade barriers on the import of apple,and it seriously restricts the apple export of China. The paper used gravity model,and took China apple export to Japan＇s trade as an example,according to the data of apple export in 2003-2012,studied the influences of green trade barriers on the apple export of China. The results showed that green trade barriers had negative impacts on the China＇s apple export,affected the export and export production. Therefore, five suggestions were put forward ：strengthening the collection of measures to foreign green trade barriers and informing the relevant producers of the result;introducing the advanced examination equipments to strengthen the inspection and supervision of apple;developing green ecological apple;using relevant international policy to solve trade disputes to reduce export loss; improving export structure and communicating with the international organizations.