呼和浩特地区绿米软谷高产农艺措施优化研究

STUDIES ON OPTIMIZING AGRONOMY MEASURES FOR HIGH YIELD OF GREEN-GRAIN MILLET

以山西引进的绿米软谷为试验材料,研究了谷子高产优化农艺措施与产量的关系。结果表明：随着密度增大,绿米软谷的株高呈增高趋势,茎粗、穗长和每穗小穗数则表现为减小趋势,经济产量表现为中密〉低密〉高密;在一定施氮量范围内,随着施氮量增加,绿米软谷表现为植株高度增加、茎秆变细,穗子增长、每穗小穗数减少的趋势,过量施用会抑制其生殖发育,减少每穗小穗数和穗长;施磷量对绿米软谷株高和茎粗无显著影响,适量增施磷肥可促进谷穗长度和每穗小穗数增加,经济产量随施磷量增加呈直线增加趋势。通过多元回归分析,建立了施氮量、施磷量、密度与产量关系的数学模型。采用产量决策频数分析方法,得出呼和浩特地区绿米软谷实现产量350 kg/667m^2以上农艺措施优化组合方案为：密度2.5-3.0万株/667m^2,施磷量（P2O5）9.6-12.5 kg/667m^2,施氮量（N）15.4-21.4 kg/667m^2。此农艺措施优化组合方案可作为呼和浩特地区谷子高产栽培的参考依据。

The experiment material is green- grain millet which was imported from Shanxi province. A field experiment on the relationship between agronomic measures and yield was performed in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University in 2007. The result shows that plant height increased,stem diameter,spike length and spikelet number per spike of green- grain millet decreased with the increasing of planting density and / or phosphorus rate. The effects sequence of different planting density on the yield was middle density〉 low density 〉high density. There was not obvious effect of phosphorus rate on the plant height and stem diameter. Under suitable phosphorus rate,spike length,spikelet number per spike and economical yield of green- grain millet increased accordingly. Through multiple regression analysis,we established the mathematical models between amount of nitrogen,amount of phosphorus,density and yield. Based on frequency analysis method in output decision- making,the optimum combination scheme which the yield of green-grain Millet achieved more than 350 kg /667m^2 was the density of 25 000 - 30 000 /667m^2,the amount of phosphorus（ P2O5） 9. 6 -12. 5 kg /667m^2,the amount of nitrogen（ N） 15. 4 - 21. 4 kg/667m^2. The optimum combination scheme of agronomic measures could be regarded as important reference of high- yield millet cultivation in Hohhot area.