我国地表水中药物与个人护理品污染现状及其繁殖毒性筛查

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products( PPCPs) Caused Reproductive Toxicity in Surface Water of China: A Review

根据文献报道,我国地表水中已检出至少144种药物及个人护理用品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),包括抗生素、激素、其他药物、个人护理品(personal care products,PCPs)4大类,其中检出浓度最高的达到了μg·L^(-1)量级,在长期的污染下有可能对水生生物产生内分泌干扰效应或繁殖毒性,进而影响到整个水生生物种群的繁衍变化。因此,有必要根据我国地表水中PPCPs的污染水平,筛查出具有潜在生态风险的PPCPs。由于目前缺乏针对PPCPs类污染物的筛选体系,以国内外优先控制污染物筛选体系为基础,借鉴基于风险的欧洲兽药分级方法,利用风险指数(risk index,RI),筛选得出目前我国的地表水中有16种具有繁殖毒性的PPCPs的RI>1,包括1种抗生素,5种激素类药物,3种其他药物和7种PCPs,其中乙炔雌二醇(ethinylestradiol,EE2)的RI最高(115 730),其次是壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)(1 796)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)(255.31),对水生态环境有较高的风险的PPCPs需进一步进行较高层次的风险评价。

It was reported that 144 pharmaceuticals and personal care products（PPCPs） have been detected in Chinese surface waters, including hormones, antibiotics, other pharmaceuticals and personal care products（PCPs）.The highest exposure concentration which can be detected even reached at μg·L^（-1）level, which may lead to endocrine disruption or reproductive toxicity, and then affect the population dynamics of aquatic organisms. In present study,the potential ecological risks of PPCPs were screened and ranked using risk index（RI） methods based on reproduc-tive fitness in Chinese surface water. The result showed that 16 kinds of PPCPs have a high risk which with RI 1in Chinese surface waters, including 5 hormones, 1 antibiotic, 3 other drugs and 7 PCPs, in which ethinylestradiol（EE2）with the highest RI of 115 730, followed by nonylphenol（NP） with RI of 1 796, and dibutyl phthalate（DBP） with RI of255.31. High tiered ecological risk assessments are needed to get further evaluation for those PPCPs.