超高压工程电缆绝缘油对海洋生物的生态毒性效应

Toxicity of Insulating Oil to Marine Organisms

随着超高压联网工程建设项目不断增多,取得巨大经济效益的同时,其电缆安全性日益受到关注。采用标准实验方法,研究电缆绝缘油对8种占据不同生态位的海洋生物(费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros mueleri)、卤虫(Artemia sp.)、蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、裸项栉鰕虎鱼(Ctenogobius gymnauchen)、双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum))的急性毒性,同时进行了电缆绝缘油对裸项栉鰕虎鱼14 d延长毒性实验和电缆绝缘油对蒙古裸腹溞的慢性毒性。结果表明,电缆绝缘油在50%饱和溶解浓度下未对费氏弧菌产生明显的发光抑制作用;对牟氏角毛藻、凡纳滨对虾、裸项栉鰕虎鱼、双齿围沙蚕和菲律宾蛤仔等5种生物未表现出急性毒性影响,其LC50均大于饱和浓度;对卤虫的96 h-LC50为17.07%,LOEC为12.5%,NOEC为6.25%;对蒙古裸腹溞96 h-LC50为29.75%,LOEC为25.0%,NOEC为12.5%;电缆绝缘油对卤虫和蒙古裸腹溞有剧毒。对裸项栉鰕虎鱼成鱼14 d延长毒性LC50大于500 000 mg·L^(-1);对蒙古裸腹溞母溞存活数的NOEC为625μg·L^(-1),LOEC为1 250μg·L^(-1);对母溞存活期的NOEC为312μg·L^(-1),LOEC为625μg·L^(-1);对产胎数的NOEC为625μg·L^(-1),LOEC为1 250μg·L^(-1);对产幼溞数的NOEC为625μg·L^(-1),LOEC为1 250μg·L^(-1)。

The tremendous economic benefit was achieved with the construction of extra high voltage cable net.However, the public suffered the increasing environmental risk. In order to find out the potential effect of insulating oil to the ecosystem, standard tests were applied to study the acute toxicity of insulating oil to Vibrio fischeri,Chaetoceros muelleri, Artemia sp., Moina mongolica, Litopenaeus vannamei, Ctenogobius gymnauchen, Perinereis aibuhitensis, Ruditapes philippinarum. The 14 days prolonged acute toxicity to Ctenogobius gymnauchen and the chronic toxicity to Moina mongolica were tested at the same time. The results showed that there was no significant inhibition of bioluminescence to Vibrio fischeri, and no obvious acute toxicity to Chaetoceros muelleri, Litopenaeus vannamei, Ctenogobius gymnauchen, Perinereis aibuhitensis, Ruditapes philippinarum. The LC50, LOEC, NOEC toArtemia sp. were 17.07%, 12.5%, 6.25% after 96 h exposure to insulating oil and 29.75%, 25.0%, 12.5% to Moina mongolica respectively. It is revealed that the cable insulating oil had extreme toxicity to Artemia sp. and Moina mongolica. The NOEC, LOEC for survival rate as well as the birth rate of female Moina mongolica were625 μg·L^（-1）and 1 250 μg·L^（-1）. The NOEC, LOEC for survival time of female Moina mongolica were 312 μg·L^（-1）and 625 μg·L^（-1）.