作者的大脑如何建构故事?——论泰戈尔短篇故事的情感与伦理

How an Auther＇s Mind Makes Stories：Emotion and Ethics in Tagere＇s Short Fiction

对于多数人而言,作者以个人习语的叙事方式编织故事。个人习语的叙事是一系列原则,它们使可能有因果联系事件的模仿得以实现为故事的产物,其中囊括原型,即定义故事种类的结构。这些原型,或曰原故事,是认知和情感结构的复杂融合,引导人们对真实世界中的事件以及虚构故事产物的解读。相差无几,拉宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔拥有一系列的原故事,其中占据重要特殊地位的类型便是基于情感依恋的原故事,这种情感依恋最初以父母与孩童的关系为特征。此类型的原故事着眼于情感依恋关系的搭建与伦理和政治维度的违反。具体言之,泰戈尔对于伦理以及政治的想象很大程度受稳固发展的依恋规范指引,并迸发出对原则的偏离,在故事的叙述中得以详细说明。这些偏离缘于情感依恋的威胁与缺失。要而论之,泰戈尔的情感依恋原故事展现了两项重要的伦理品质——情感依恋敏感性,以及情感依恋开放性。反之,它也承担着为社会产物——羞耻所影响的风险,且这种羞耻感常与性别意识相关。

Authors may be understood as producing stories from their narrative idiolects. Narrative idiolects are sets of principles that enable the simulation of possible sequences of causally connected events. Such idiolects include prototypes that define classes of stories. These prototypes or proto-stories are complexes of cognitive and affective structures that guide the interpretation of real-world events as well as the production of fictions. Like everyone,Rabindranath Tagore had a range of proto-stories. But one was particularly important for him. This was a proto-story based on attachment,the sort of bonding that first of all characterizes the relations of parents and young children. This proto-story centers on the formation and violation of attachment relations,with the ethical and political issues that surround such violation. Specifically,Tagore＇s ethical and political imagination was largely guided by the norm of securely developing attachment. It was elaborated into stories by reference to deviations from that norm.Those deviations are caused by attachment threat or loss. In connection with these points,Tagore＇s attachment proto-story suggests two key ethical virtues—attachment sensitivity and attachment openness. These,in turn,may be disturbed by the social production of shame,often in relation to gender ideology.