受控PRO在英汉语中的分布和存在的理据

On the Distribution of Controlled PRO in English and Chinese and the Motivation of Its Existence

PRO作为空范畴理论的一部分在生成句法学理论中起着非常重要的作用,揭示了语言中存在的＂无声有义＂现象。本文分析受控PRO在英汉语中的分布并从EPP原则、题元准则和局域性制约三个方面讨论PRO存在的动因,依据句法学中的小句概念和邢福义先生的＂小句中枢说＂提出,汉语的连动式和兼语式事实上包含者若干小句,应把连动式和兼语式进一步切分成中心谓语句和次属谓语句,从而确定它们之间的依存关系。根据Chomsky的UG理论,空范畴是人类语言的一种普遍现象,因而PRO同样存在于汉语中,汉语中的受控PRO主要分布于连动式和兼语式的次属谓语句中。

PRO,as part of empty category theory,plays a very important role in syntactic analysis and interpretation,revealing the existence of the ＂phonetically silent but semantically meaningful＂subject in languages. In this paper the distribution of controlled PRO in English and Chinese is analyzed and the motivation of its existence explored in terms of Extended Projection Principle,theta criterion and locality requirement. Since PRO is a universal property of language,there is no doubt that it exists in Chinese. This paper proposes that the＂liandong＂construction and the＂jianyu＂construction be further segmented into a matrix predicate clause and a subordinate predicate clause. It is assumed that controlled PRO exists in subordinate predicate clauses in both the ＂liandong ＂construction and the＂jianyu＂construction.