敦煌遗书开宝七年星命书(P.4071)中的十一曜行度及相关问题研究

On the Celestial Positions of the Eleven Luminaries and Related Issues in Dunhuang Manuscript P.4071

综述了前人相关研究,讨论了敦煌遗书开宝七年星命书(P.4071)的内容构成和完整性问题,分析了该件星命书卷首部分给出的十一曜行度资料,利用现代历表DE404和《七曜禳灾诀》中的星历表推算了卷首十一曜行度的精度,尤其对紫气行度进行了特别讨论,还对该件星命书"天运行年"部分的行星行度进行了分析,认为卷首十一曜行度的精度是相当好的,"天运行年"部分的行星行度则有不自洽和不符合实际天象的情况,推测后一种情况可能是在抄写时窜入了其他星命书的内容。最后概述了本文所得的结论,并讨论了该件星命书作为外来天文—星占学在中国本土被改造、吸收等过程中所呈现出来的文化碰撞和交融方面所具有的意义。

This article first reviews some previous research about the astral divination text,Dunhuang manuscript P.4071. Then the contents and completeness of the manuscript are discussed in detail. The accuracy of celestial positions of the eleven luminaries listed at the beginning of the manuscript are analyzed in comparison with the results calculated by a modern digital ephemeris DE404,and an ancient ephemeris preserved in an esoteric scripture Qiyao Rangzaijue. A further special discussion concerning the position of ziqi is made. The accuracy of positions of celestial bodies provided in the part of the‘yearly horoscope analyses’ of the text are also examined. It is concluded that the positions of the eleven luminaries（ except for the Moon） listed at the beginning of the text should have been provided by a quite accurate ephemeris. However,cases of internal inconsistency within positions of the celestial bodies,and non-conformity between the provided positions and actual astronomical phenomena are found frequently in the part of the‘yearly horoscope analyses’. It is surmised that these inconsistencies and non-conformities were produced when this divinatory text was transcribed by some unprofessional scribe. Finally,the conclusions of this paper are summarized,emphasizing some aspects of adaption and absorption made by native diviners of this foreign astronomical-astrological knowledge,and the significance of cultural exchanges reflected by manuscript P.4071.