试论明清徽州名族是中古士族遗绪

Hweichow Noble Clan of Ming-Qing Dynasties was an Inheritance of the Mid-ancient Gentry Clans

明清徽州名族处在君主专制社会晚期的科举制时代,中古士族则在君主专制社会中期九品中正制时代,都是世系绵延历时数百年,均致力于本身及社会文化教育事业,为自身凝聚与出仕需要进行族史的撰写,都为坚守门第婚姻而强调门当户对。在这些基本要素方面两者相同,但在出仕上,士族出任高官,长期掌握朝政,名族官宦无常,绝不能操纵政权。鉴于名族与士族表象的类似与实质的相近,可以说名族是士族的遗绪,具有传承士族文化的意义。

The Ming and Qing Noble Clans of Hweichow and the Mid- ancient Gentry Clans in the later period of Imperial Examination era and the middle age of Nine- rank system were selected officials society, respectively. Stretching hundreds of years, both of the Clans devote themselves to culture and education, and wrote their own history for cohesion and official career. At the same time, to enhance their family status, they both emphasized the principle of ＂well- matched＂in both society and economy in marriage. Although many basic elements were the same,approximately, in career, the Gentry Clans dominated the empire for a long period of time by taking up high nobles in conspicuous positions, but their counterpart couldn’t control the regime for uncertain prospect. In consideration of the Noble Clans and the Gentry Clans were similar on both sides of surface and substantial, it could be say that the former was the inheritance of the later with the meaning of continuing the culture of that.