吉林省部分农村中老年人不同膳食模式对血脂的影响

Influence of difference of dietary patterns on blood lipid levels of elderly rural residents in Jilin province

目的探讨不同的膳食模式对血脂的影响,为血脂异常防控措施的制定提供依据。方法于2009-2011年采取整群随机抽样方法抽取吉林省部分农村地区40~80岁的中老年人1 353名进行膳食调查、体格检查和生物样品检测。利用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析膳食模式的差异对血脂的影响。结果男性人群中血脂是否异常在不同民族、体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）和体脂肪率（BFP）之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,男性血脂异常人群BMI、WHR、BFP的平均水平高于血脂正常的人群;女性人群中血脂是否异常在不同年龄段、民族、BMI和BFP之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,女性血脂异常人群BMI、BFP的平均水平高于血脂正常的人群。因子分析得到4种膳食模式,即以熟食的蔬菜、生吃的蔬菜、咸菜类和水果等为主的蔬菜水果类膳食模式,以禽肉类、饮料、鱼类和蛋类等为主的肉类膳食模式,以奶类及奶制品、饼干类和水果等为主的奶类膳食模式,以酒、调味品和米饭等为主的酒类膳食模式。多因素logistic回归分析发现,控制混杂因素后,男性人群中蔬菜水果类膳食模式与血脂异常率的发生呈负相关（OR=0.579,95%CI：0.359~0.935）。肉类膳食模式与血脂异常率的发生呈正相关（OR=1.911,95%CI：1.119~3.265）。女性人群中未发现膳食模式与血脂异常有显著关联。结论膳食模式与血脂密切相关,中老年人良好的饮食习惯对预防血脂异常的发生有重要意义。

Objective To explore the effects of different dietary patterns on blood lipid levels and to provide the basis for preventing and controlling the dyslipidemia. Methods In 2009-2011, a total of 1 353 rural residents（40-80 years old） of Jilin province were selected by random cluster sampling to conduct the dietary investigation, physical and blood examinations. Factor analysis method was used to identify the food patterns based on the dietary investigation. Chi square test and logistic regression were utilized to analyze the relationship between food patterns and blood lipid levels. Results There were significant differences of dyslipidemia in males with different nationalities, BMI, WHR and BFP（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. As compared with controls, average BMI, WHR and BFP levels in males with dyslipidemia increased significantly. There were significant differences of dyslipidemia in females with different age, nationalities, BMI and BFP（P〈0.01）. As compared with controls, average BMI, and BFP levels in females with dyslipidemia enhanced significantly. Factor analysis indicated four main diet patterns, i.e. vegetable/fruit pattern,meat pattern, milk pattern and liquor pattern. Multi factor logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling confounders,there was negative correlation between vegetable/fruit pattern and dyslipidemia（OR=0.579, 95%CI： 0.359-0.935）, and there was positive correlation between meat pattern and dyslipidemia（OR=1.911, 95%CI： 1.119-3.265） in males; there was no significant correlation between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia in females. Conclusion Dietary patterns is related to blood lipid levels.Elderly residents should have good dietary custom, and it is importart significance for preventing dyslipidemia.