《综合英汉大辞典》的编纂、特色与影响

Create a New Era in the History of English-Chinese Dictionary: Compilation,Features and Impact of A Comprehensive English-Chinese Dictionary

《综合英汉大辞典》是商务印书馆英汉辞书出版史上具有里程碑意义的辞书文献,也是20世纪20年代中国英汉辞书编纂上的一个高峰。关于该辞典目前尚无专文讨论,本文围绕该辞典的编纂所涉及的人和事,指出该辞典编纂计划是1917年开始酝酿的,直接促发商务印书馆重视英和辞典的是朱树蒸对斋藤秀三郎《熟语本位英和中辞典》的编译计划。《综合英汉大辞典》之编纂与特色是综合性地吸收以斋藤《熟语本位英和中辞典》为主的日本英和辞典的编纂方法与成果,也注意在体例和收词等方面广泛采借同一时期各种英文辞书,如Websters Collegiate Dictionary和Concise O xford Dictionary等各家之优点。该辞典的编纂者大多是留日学生或新式学堂的毕业生,系各个专门领域,如医学、生物、化学、佛学、法律等的专家,通晓各种专门知识的基本术语。该辞典的编纂构想和方法,以及编纂者,无不体现出了该辞典不断倡导的"综合性"优点。《综合英汉大词典》不仅为中国出版界移植英和辞典上开辟了新的途径,而且为中国英汉辞书史开创了一个"新纪元"。

A Comprehensive English-Chinese Dictionary is a landmark of English-Chinese dictionary by Commercial Press,also is a peak of English-Chinese dictionary compilation in the 1920 s in China. This article,focusing on the matters that were involved in the compilation of the dictionary,points out that this program was initiated in 1917 due to Commercial Press＇ s attention to the codification of English-Japanese dictionary and the program of Saito＇s idiomological English-Japanese dictionary. The Dictionary comprehensively absorbed the entries and structure from contemporary English-Japanese dictionaries,but also the advantages of English dictionaries. The compilers were mostly Chinese students in Japan or the new school graduates in various specialized fields; they had knowledge of the basic terminology of each discipline. All of these aspects reflected the constant advocacy of ＂comprehensive＂advantage. The Dictionary opened up new avenues for the transplant of English-Japanese dictionaries in China＇s publishing industry,and ushered a new era in Chinese-English dictionary.