晁德莅与清代《圣谕广训》的拉丁文译本

Angelo Zottoli and the Latin Translation of Amplification of the Sacred Edict in the Qing Dynasty

作为19世纪来华传教士学习汉语的入门材料,清代雍正年间颁行的《圣谕广训》以及此后出现的白话衍说类文本《圣谕广训衍》或《圣谕广训直解》曾被多次译成外语。一般认为,跟《圣谕》相关的这些材料多为新教传教士所采用,原因在于其语言风格、宣讲形式,以及道德教化内容等,皆可以给他们对中国底层民众的宣讲策略提供＂在地＂的文化参照。然而,有关《圣谕广训》的学习材料也曾出现在天主教传教士编选的中文—拉丁文对照学习课程中,这是前人研究中未曾讨论到的。在19世纪中后期担任上海徐汇公学教务长的意大利籍耶稣会士晁德莅（Angelo Zottoli）编写的五卷本Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae（《中国文化教程》,1879~1883）中,雍正年间的白话文《圣谕广训衍》全本十六条被译成拉丁文位列首卷首篇。这一学习路径与此前16至18世纪来华的天主教传教士对中国传统经典的侧重有着策略上的区别。《中国文化教程》的撰写,其历史背景与19世纪70年代以上海徐家汇为中心的新耶稣会士所创设的＂江南科学计划＂紧密相关。其中,晁德莅负责汉学部分,为新来的天主教传教士提供汉语学习的课程读物。本文进一步探讨了晁德莅《中国文化教程》的文本布局与19世纪后期新耶稣会士的传教策略可能存在的联系。

The Amplification of the Sacred Edict issued by the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty（ as well as its later vernacular expositions） have been translated into foreign languages for many times by missionaries to China,and taken as rudimentary resources to study Chinese during the nineteenth century. It is taken for granted that the documents related to the translation of the Sacred Edict was employed mostly by the Protestant missionaries to China,due to their purposes of imitating the style of the language and the form of ethic moral teaching to the common Chinese.However,the research of this paper shows that the learning materials of the Amplification of the Sacred Edict were also compiled by a Catholic missionary in Shanghai of the late nineteenth century,into the five-volume Latin textbook entitled Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae（ which was published from 1879 to 1883）. The author was an Italian Jesuit Father named Angelo Zottoli,who was at the time the provost of Le College St. Ignace in Shanghai. In the textbook,the sixteen maxims of the vernacular Amplification of the Sacred Edict were translated into Latin and listed at the very beginning of the first volume. This learning strategy was significantly different than the Jesuit missionaries arriving in China during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries,who would have paid much more attention to the training of traditional Chinese classics. The compilation work of Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae was closely related to the Scientific Project of Kiangnian,which was initiated by the new Jesuits based in Xuijiahui area of the 1870s＇ Shanghai. Angelo Zottoli was responsible for Sinology,compiling textbooks for newly arrived Catholic missionaries to study Chinese.Based on the textual analysis and composition,the paper will further discuss the relationship between the ideology and tactics of the Jesuit missionaries in late nineteenth-century China.