柏拉图思想中的“秘所思”“逻各斯”与“神学”——以《蒂迈欧篇》为中心

Muthos,Logos and Theology in Plato's Timaeus

在柏拉图思想中,神话或"秘所思"(Muthos)与"逻各斯"(Logos)有根本的对立,即,Muthos作为一种不可证伪的话语与Logos作为一种可证伪的话语之间的对立,Muthos作为叙述性故事与Logos作为论证性话语的对立。反映在《蒂迈欧篇》文本中,Logos出现的地方都涉及关于感性世界的结构或现成状态的可证伪的论证性话语,而Muthos出现的地方则涉及关于感性世界的时间性起源或制造过程的不可证伪的叙述性话语。但另一方面,我们必须在Muthos与Logos的既区分又统一的意义上将它理解为柏拉图的"神学"。不确立"柏拉图的神学",对《蒂迈欧篇》的所谓的"字面解释"将是不可能的。

In Plato's thought,there is an distinction between Muthos and Logos,that is,a nonfalsifiable discourse and a falsifiable discourse,or,narrative story and argumentative discourse. Reflected in the Timaeus,Plato described Timaeus's discourse on the constitution of the sensible world as an eikos logos,and the state of sensible thing before and during their constitution as an eikos muthos. But on the other hand,we should establish the Platonic theology on the unity of meaning between Muthos and Logos. The so-called literal interpretation on Timaeus will be impossible without a theology.