知识产权保护还是R&D补贴?——提升中国工业技术创新能力的公共政策选择

IPR Protection or R&D Subsidy?——Public Policy Alternative for Improving China's Innovation Ability in Industrial Technology

如何真正加快中国工业技术进步、促进创新能力提升迫在眉睫,而政府在公共政策上存在制度保障和资金支持两种选择。本文在对知识产权保护水平进行综合测算基础上发现:在制度建设层面,中国的知识产权保护立法已经达到发达国家水平,而执法水平远远不足,整体而言,自2001年以来整体知识产权保护水平在不断提高。我们选取行业层面的数据,对知识产权保护、R&D补贴在推动中国工业行业技术创新中的作用进行了面板分析,结果表明:由于立法的铺垫和执法的缓慢提升,使得知识产权保护强度得到提高,这种制度安排对技术创新产生了显著的正向促进作用;相反,R&D补贴对技术创新的效应并不明显。这意味着政府的短期资金投入和激励并没有达到预期目标。因而在公共政策上,需要回归到制度建设层面,加强知识产权的执法力度,提高创新主体长远利益和激励,并对现有短期的、直接的R&D补贴政策进行调整。

It is extremely urgent to speed up China's industrial technology progress and promote the ability of innovation,and there are two options for the government: institutional guarantee and financial support. Using panel data from 33 industrial sectors and the IPR protection index in China from1997 to 2011,this paper examines the effects of the level of IPR protection and R&D subsidy on innovation among Chinese industries by applying the panel count model. We find that innovation responds positively to the high level of IPR protection,and the promotion of R&D investment significantly induces more innovation; while the R&D personnel has a positive effect on innovation,which is not always certain; and the effects of openness to foreign direct investment and R&D subsidy on China's technology innovation is not obvious. This paper enriches the research in the field of IPR protection,R&D subsidy and technical innovation,and has important reference meaning to the government when it implements the strategy of IPR protection and industrial independent innovation.