江西省林粮间作发展探讨

Development of Tree-Crop Intercropping in Jiangxi Province

为充分认识和宏观把握中国林粮间作的发展状况,以江西省为例,探讨江西省林粮间作的发展问题,从而推动中国林、农业又好又快发展。在调查研究的基础上,对江西省林粮间作发展的意义、模式、特点及存在的问题进行深入分析和研究,并提出相应的可持续发展对策。作者认为:(1)江西省林粮间作的开发与发展具有充分利用资源、增加土地产出、提高经济效益、扩大劳动就业、改善生态环境、减轻自然灾害、维护粮食安全和促进建设生态文明等多方面的重大意义;(2)当前江西省林粮间作的主要模式有山地林粮间作、农田林粮间作、菜园林粮间作、水体林粮间作、庭院林粮间作以及其他林粮间作等;(3)这些林粮间作模式具有面积大、模式多、分布广、发展快、效益好和潜力大等特征;(4)根据调查,江西省林粮间作的发展尚存在土地利用率低,熟制低,产量低,效益低,投入低,重视程度低,生产条件差,发展不平衡,管理粗放等问题。针对以上存在的问题,作者认为应采取如下对策和措施:增加投入,改善条件,优化结构,规模发展和培训人才等。

In order to make a fully understanding of the tree-crop intercropping development, taking JiangxiProvince as an example, the problem of tree-crop intercropping development was probed, thus to promote asound and fast development of forestry and agriculture. This paper analyzed the significance, models,characteristics and existing problems in the tree-crop intercropping development in Jiangxi Province and putforward the corresponding countermeasures for a sustainable development on the basis of investigation andanalysis. The authors believe that：（1） the exploitation and development of tree-crop intercropping in JiangxiProvince have significance in making a full use of resources, increasing land output, improving economicefficiency, expanding employment, improving the ecological environment, reducing natural disasters,maintaining food security and promoting the construction of ecological civilization;（2） in Jiangxi Province, themain models of tree- crop intercropping include mountain tree- crop intercropping, farmland tree- cropintercropping, vegetable garden tree- crop intercropping, aquatic tree- crop intercropping, courtyardintercropping of trees and crops and so on;（3） these models of tree-crop intercropping have characteristicsincluding large areas, multiple models, wide distribution, rapid development, good benefits, great potential andso on;（4） according to the survey, there are lots of problems in the tree-crop intercropping development, suchas low utilization rate of land, low rate of mature, low output, low efficiency, low input, low degree of attention,poor production conditions, unbalanced development, extensive management and other issues. In view of the existing problems, the following measures should be taken： increasing investment, improving conditions,optimizing the structure, scale development and personnel training.