张仲景用粥探析

Exploration of the Application of Medicated Porridge by Zhang Zhongjing

张仲景在《伤寒论》中明确指出服用桂枝汤后要喝热稀粥,以助药力;在白虎汤、白虎加人参汤、桃花汤、竹叶石膏汤中均以粳米为粥,用以防止药物苦寒败胃,促进脾胃的运化;十枣汤后仲景提出要喝糜粥,其目的就是固护正气、加强祛邪作用;仲景根据巴豆得热助泻,得冷泻止的特点,让病人进食冷粥以防止下利太过,耗伤正气。仲景使用粥,也有冷热粥及先后之别,如三物白散用的是冷粥,桂枝汤和理中汤是药后服粥,白虎汤、桃花汤则是用粥作为辅料,一起服用。现代人对粥的用法多侧重于养生保健及治病调体两方面,在原有常用谷物的基础上,加上有治病作用且口感较好的草药,一起熬制,来发挥更多的治病作用。

In Treatise on Cold Damage,Zhang Zhong-jing points out explicitly that warm porridge should be eaten after taking Guizhi Decoction in order to strengthen its efficacy. Among Baihu Decoction,Baihu Plus Renshen Decoction,Taohua Decoction and Zhuye Shigao Decoction,porridge of polished round-grained rice should be taken to prevent the coldness and bitterness of the medicine impairing the stomach and promote the transportation and transformation of the spleen and stomach. After taking of Shizao Decoction,Zhang Zhongjing presents that porridge should be taken to consolidate healthy qi and enhance the action of eliminating pathogen. Based on the the feature of Badou（ Crotonis,Fructus） ： hot ones promote diarrhea and cold ones stop diarrhea,Zhang Zhongjing asks the patients to eat cold porridge for fear of excessive diarrhea damaging healthy qi. Differences of porridges lie in the temperature of coldness or hotness and order of taking ahead or later. For instance,cold porridge is for Sanwubai Powder; porridge is taken after the taking of Guizhi Decoction and Lizhong Decoction; porridge is as auxiliary material in Baihu Decoction and Taohua Decoction to be taken together. In modern life,people tend to eat porridge for health cultivation,disease treatment and body regulation. On the basis of the primary commonly-used cereal,medicinal herbs with good taste are added to boil together in order to exert more curative effects.