云南橡胶种植的经济社会贡献与生态损失估算

Estimating of Economic and Social Contribution and Ecological Loss for Rubber Plantation in Yunnan Province

云南橡胶种植在带来可观经济社会效益的同时,也带来了不可忽视的生态损失。西双版纳橡胶产值在农业总产值中所占比重达54%~75%,且GDP与橡胶产值呈指数关系;农民人均纯收入增加过程与橡胶产量增加过程基本一致;割胶每年能够吸纳劳动力约6.5万人。经核算,云南当前橡胶种植年纯利润约15.59亿元,年土壤侵蚀及水源涵养损失价值约8.35亿元,此外还有不可估量的区域气候变化和生物多样性损失,扣除生态损失价值,橡胶种植的经济社会效益将大打折扣。发展橡胶林林下经济是提高经济效益、减少生态损失,以及增强胶农的抗风险能力的有效途径。

Rubber plantation has brought considerable economic and social benefit for Yunnan Province, but it also resulted in significant ecological loss. Rubber plantation contributed to the gross agricultural output value＇s share of 54%-75% for Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. And GDP of Xishuangbanna has exponent relation to rubber plantation, at the same time, the increment of net income per capita for farmers had a significant positive correlation to the increment of rubber production there, in addition, it could absorb 65000 people in employment of rubber plantation. The annual net profit was about 1559 million Yuan for rubber plantation in Yunnan, but it lost about 835 million yuan for soil erosion and water conservation, in addition to the loss of inestimable for regional climate change and loss of biodiversity. Benefits of economy and society would be heavily discounted if excluding ecological loss in Yunnan. The development of under-forestry economy was an effective approach for economic benefit increasing, ecological loss reducing, and anti-risk capability enhancing for rubber farmers.