体儒用道——《荀子·解蔽》的“心学”启示

Originating from Confucianism and Applying the Moral—— On“Philosophy of the Mind”in Xunzi·Jiebi

荀子为儒派代表人物,这一点是学界所广泛认同的。然而,《荀子》一书所折显出的思想却极为博大,非拘囿儒家一门。《荀子》不仅关涉儒家经世治国之道,又参融他派思想,尤精擅道、心之学,终卓然行世,成为"外王"与"内圣"贯合的典范。道家重"心",以证"心"为体,荀子亦重"心",却以其为"用",其意在"内圣","内圣"之旨又非止于"内",而是寻求契应于"外道",为"证"、"导"儒业提供内源指针。说到底,以最终实现"外王"为根本目的,故荀子"心学"仍以儒为体。《解蔽》是《荀子》一文中对"心学"证道最为精彩的一章,其"心学"之"主题思想"与"思维方式"均有匡正"儒学"之意,可谓"迥于儒"又"本于儒"。

Though Xunzi was the representitive figure of Confucianism,his work Xunzi not only argued the way of ruling state by Confucian thought,but mixed other thoughts and focused on philosophies of the moral and the mind,and finally becamce a classic of＂ruling by moral＂and＂having saint＇s virtue＂.Xunzi emphasized the＂the mind＂because it was the way to obtain＂the saint＇s virtue＂and realize＂the ruling by moral＂so that Confucianism could be proved and highlighted.Therefore,Xunzi＇s ＂philosophy of the mind＂was still based on Confucianism,which was perfectly expounded in Xunzi·Jiebi.Both the main idea and the way of thinking of this article aimed at rectifying Confucianism,namely＂to be different from Confucianism＂but＂to be originated from Confucianism＂.