‘凯特’芒叶片养分周年动态变化规律

Annual Variation of Mineral Nutrients in Leaves of ‘Kaite'Mango

通过对四川攀枝花地区‘凯特’芒果叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S 6种元素含量进行全年跟踪分析。结果表明:全年平均含量Ca高,N次之,S最低,根据’凯特’芒果的营养特性及实际生产状况可将划分为6个时期:营养生长期(9-11月),花芽分化期(12至翌年1月),扬花期(2-3月),幼果期(4月),果实膨大期(5-7月),新稍生长及果实成熟期(7-8月)。叶片N、P含量的变化规律基本一致,9-11月N、P含量有小幅上升但不明显,12至翌年1月变化比较平稳,2月份达全年最高值,之后有所下降,并保持在较低水平;叶片中K含量在11月达最高值,随着树体生殖生长其含量呈下降趋势至果实膨大后期(翌年7月)达最低值,在果实成熟采收后有所回升;叶片Ca含量在11月、翌年1月份达最低值,整体上看随着叶片的老熟Ca含量呈现不断上升趋势;‘凯特’芒对Mg、S的需求并不大,Mg、S的含量都较低,且其变化不明显。通过对叶片中营养规律的研究结合实际生产,初步确定‘凯特’芒营养诊断采样时间段为12至翌年4月份。

The annual development of six mineral nutritious dements （ N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S） of ＇ Kaite＇ mango leaves were studied during six growth periods. The result showed that in the whole year, the Ca content was the highest, N followed by, the S lowest. According nutritional characteristics and actual production situation , the whole growth cycle of ＇ Kaite＇ mango could be divided into six phase,including in vegetative growth phase（9-11 ）, flower bud differentiation phase （12 to the following year 1 ）, flowing growth phase （2-3）, young fruit growth phase（4 ）, fruit enlargement phase （5 -7 ） and the new growth and fruit maturity phase（7 -8 ）. N, P contents in foliage had the same variation： from September to November , the N, P content in foliage increased slightly but not significantly; from December to following year January changed slightly, only in February reached the highest value, then declined and kept at a low level; the content of K in foliage reached the highest value in November, in reproductive growth stage the content decreasing until late fruit enlargement reached the lowest value. After harvesting, the K content of foliage rebound. The Ca content in foliage reached the lowest value in November and January in next year. On the whole, the Ca content was rising as the leaves aging. Demand for Mg and S in Kate mango was not large, the total content of a year was relatively low and does not change obviously. According to the results integrated with actual production, December to next year April could be used as a preliminary nutrition diagnosis sampling period of ＇ Kaite＇ mango.