食葵主要经济性状的配合力及杂种优势分析

Main Economic Traits Combining Ability and Heterosis of Edible Sunflower

选用农家种改良过的6个食葵细胞质雄性不育系和4个优良的分枝型恢复系为亲本,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计,配成24个F1杂种,研究了9个主要经济性状,即株高、茎粗、生育期、盘径、单盘总粒数、单盘实粒数、结实率、百粒重、单株产量的配合力及杂种优势表现。结果显示:(1)不育系中有8个性状,恢复系中有7个性状的一般配合力差异达显著或极显著水平;有4个性状的特殊配合力差异达到显著或极显著水平;(2)株高、茎粗、生育期、盘径、百粒重等5个性状主要受基因的加性效应控制;单盘总粒数、单盘实粒数、结实率、及单株产量等4个性状则受基因的加性效应和非加性效应共同影响;(3)从GCA分析看,参试的不育系以A6最为理想,A2次之;恢复系则以C3最为理想。从SCA分析看,组合A2C1单株产量效应值最高;(4)杂种优势分析表明,大部分经济性状存在杂种优势,甚至相当一部分存在超亲优势,并且这些优势都是可利用的,F1多倾向于早熟、粗壮、高杆、大盘、多粒亲本。

Six cytoplasmic male- sterile（CMS） lines improved from local varieties and four branched malerestorer lines were hybridized with 6×4 incomplete diallel, 24F1 hybrids were further used to estimate theirgeneral combining ability（GCA）, specific combining ability（SCA） and heterosis effects on main economic traitsof edible sunflower. Variance analysis showed that GCA of eight traits in sterile lines and seven traits inrestorer lines had significant or highly significant variance, and SCA of four traits had significant or highlysignificant variance. The preponderance of additive gene action played the leading role in plant height, stemdiameter, growth duration, head diameter, 100- grain weight, while total grain per head, effective grain perhead, seed setting rate, and grain yield per plant were affected by additive gene action and non-addictive geneaction variance. Based on the GCA effect analysis, among the CMS and the restorer lines, A6, A2 and C3 werefound to be promising parents. Based on the SCA analysis, A2C1 was found to be a perfect cross. The result ofheterosis analysis indicated that most economic traits had heterosis, some traits even showed super parentadvantages which could be used. Most traits in F1 inclined to parent of early maturity, strong and high stem, bigdisk and multi-grains.