北京市4种叶类蔬菜主要供应链模式损耗率的研究

Loss Rate of Major Supply Chain Models for Four Kinds of Leaf Vegetables in Beijing

针对叶类蔬菜采后损耗严重的问题,对北京市4种主要叶类蔬菜(生菜、芹菜、油菜、菠菜)不同供应链关键节点的损耗率情况进行详细研究。通过对北京市8个区县23个大型加工企业及合作社、叶菜生产基地进行实地调研。研究确定了目前北京市叶类蔬菜4种供应链模式,即农超对接模式、加工模式、散户-农贸市场模式、超市自有品牌模式,及其关键节点的叶菜损耗率。4种主要供应链模式中,农超对接模式平均损耗率最高,可达36.05%;其次为超市自有品牌模式,平均损耗率为32.64%;散户-农贸市场模式的平均损耗率最低,仅为24.70%。4种供应链模式生菜平均损耗率均为最高,最高可达45.81%;其次是菠菜,最高可达39.95%;油菜平均损耗率最低,仅为16.58%。此外,规定了叶菜验收标准,制定了损耗率计算公式;并比较了4种主要供应链模式及4种主要叶菜间的损耗率差异。研究对降低叶类蔬菜采后损耗率,满足消费者对叶类蔬菜新鲜度的要求具有十分重要的意义。

In view of the serious postharvest loss of leaf vegetables, the key nodes＇ loss rate of different supplychains of four kinds of leaf vegetables（lettuce, celery, rape, spinach） in Beijing was studied. Through a fieldsurvey of 23 large enterprises and cooperatives and vegetable production bases in 8 districts and counties ofBeijing, the authors identified four major supply chain models in Beijing at present, including agriculturesuper-docking model, processing mode, individual-free market model, supermarket own-brand model, andstudied the key nodes＇ loss rate. The results showed that： the average loss rate of the agriculture super-docking model was the highest, which could be up to 36.05%. The second was the supermarket own-brandmodel, its average loss rate was 32.64%. The average loss rate of the individual-free market model was thelowest, which was only 24.70%. Lettuce had the highest average loss rate in four major supply chain models,which could be up to 45.81%. The second was spinach, the rate could be up to 39.95%. Rape had the lowestaverage loss rate, which was only 16.58%. In addition, the acceptance standard of leaf vegetable was set, and the loss rate calculation formula was established. The differences of loss rate among the four main supply chainmodels and four kinds of leaf vegetables were compared. The study has certain significance on reducingpostharvest loss rate of leaf vegetables and meeting the consumers＇ requirement for fresh vegetable.