盐渍土改良技术研究进展

Research Progress of Saline Soil Improvement Technology

土壤盐碱化问题是全球最严重的环境问题之一,严重制约着社会和经济的发展。自然因素和人为因素共同导致土壤盐碱化以及次生盐碱化问题,寻求各种技术措施来预防、减缓或者改良利用盐渍土,已经成为必须。通过对现有的盐渍土研究内容进行了梳理和概括,回顾了国内盐渍土研究以及改良技术的发展过程,分析了目前国内盐渍土改良的技术,指出了研究中存在的不足,总结了盐渍土研究与改良技术研究的前沿和热点问题,提出了国内盐渍土研究和改良技术研究的展望。提出了建议重点进行土壤盐渍化监测预警、土壤水盐运移过程模拟及其机理研究、耐盐植物的耐盐机理研究以及植物和土壤盐分相互作用机制等方面的研究,从而促进改良技术的发展。

Soil salinization is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world, highly restrictingsocial and economic development. Salinization is also a prominent problem in China where natural factors andirrational exploitation of land have caused secondary salinization and accelerated the soil salinization process.In China, the prevention, mitigation or amelioration of saline soil by various measures has become a hot issue.This study summarized the framework of the soil salinization research in China, reviewed the development ofthe study on saline soil, analyzed the measures for improving saline- alkali soil, and pointed out theshortcoming in the research. The paper summarized recent advancements and hot spots of relevant researchesin major fields of the study, and discussed prospects of the study by referring to the frontiers. The paper alsosuggested that emphasis should be laid on topics of assessment and forecast of soil salinization, soil saltwaterregime and modeling, salt tolerance mechanism of salt tolerant plants, mechanism of the interaction betweenplant and soil salt, so as to develop the ameliorating technology.