东南亚国家文字的拉丁化改革

Reform of Latinization of Characters in Southeast Asian Countries and Reasons

文字的选用,遵循的是物竞天择的基本原则,以及时代的需要、社会的需要、国家的需要和语言本身的需要。同时,文字的选用,也是语言和文化接触的结果。在东南亚国家中,越南放弃汉字,采用拉丁字母,是汉字文化跟西洋文化接触的结果。印尼和马来西亚的文字在历史上从印度字母改为阿拉伯字母,又改为拉丁字母,是三种文化先后接触的结果。印尼、马来西亚都是"字母跟着宗教走"这一文字规律的例外情况。综合来看,这些国家的文字拉丁化是由多种因素直接或间接促成的,其中政治、科技、教育及语言本身等方面的因素起了主导作用。

The choice of writing script follows the basic principle of natural selection and the need of times,society,country and language itself. The choice is also the result of language and culture contact. It is the result of contact between Chinese culture and Western culture,which Vietnam abandoned Chinese characters and adopted Latin letters.Script used by Indonesia and Malaysia changed from Indian script to Arabia,then to Latin,it is also the contact result of the three cultures. Indonesia and Malaysia are exceptions to the rule of 'writting script follows religion'. Generally speaking,Latinization of script in these countries is caused by many factors,including the political,technological,educational and language itself.