美国海恩斯维尔页岩气产业发展模式分析及启示

Analysis of US Haynesville Shale Gas Industrial Development Pattern

海恩斯维尔作为美国七大页岩气产区之一,资源潜力大,2012年产量达到历史高点,之后下滑至2014年企稳回升。作为干气区,海恩斯维尔的页岩气生产项目在低油价下实现盈利,其页岩气产业发展模式具有独到之处。与巴尼特相邻具备地理优势、产量回落期间气价持续上扬、恒久的技术创新与进步、完善的基础设施配套,是该地区页岩气能够得以焕发青春的根本保障。油气生产商坚持科技创新、技术集成,采取延长分支井、加大注水量等技术手段,取得良好效果。低油价下,油气生产商和服务商间加强协作、抱团取暖,通过产业组织形式的管理创新,降低了生产成本,推动了技术创新。我国页岩气产业如何借鉴美国海恩斯维尔的成功经验,从"由点到面"发展道路、重视软环境建设、完善配套基础设施、坚持技术创新管理创新等方面提出了一些看法。

Haynesville is one of the seven main shale gas zones in the United States with a great potential in its resources. The production declined after reaching a record high in 2012. It was kept stable and rising in 2014. As a dry gas zone,the Haynesville shale gas production project made profits even under the environment of low oil prices thanks to its unique shale gas industrial development pattern. Shale gas development in this region is fuelled by a series of factors,such as geographic advantages of bordering with Barnett,continual gas price hike during the production decline,constant technological innovation and progress,and perfect infrastructure system. Adhering to technological creation and integration,oil and gas producers extended the length of fishbone wells and increase the amount of injected water,achieving good results. Under the low oil prices,the oil and gas producers and service providers stepped up cooperation and created their production management patterns for reduction of production cost and stimulation of technological innovation. This paper offers some opinions about how China borrows the US Haynesville successful experience for its shale gas industry,proposing to attach importance to construction of the soft environment,perfect the infrastructure system and make efforts for technological and managerial creation.