我国生态环境用水法律保护的问题与对策——基于社会公共利益的视角

Problems and Countermeasures of China's Legal Protection of Eco-environmental Water in Perspective of Social Public Interest

生态环境用水是维护生态安全、保障社会公共利益的重要内容。概述了我国生态环境用水法律保护的进展,即明确了生态环境用水的法律地位及用水顺序,分析了生态环境用水法律保护存在的问题,并指出为保障社会公共利益,我国生态环境用水的法律保护必须进一步加强。具体建议是:不仅应确立我国生态环境用水分配的责任主体,也要明确生态环境用水保护的责任主体;应加强生态环境用水信息公开,实现公众参与环境公益诉讼的低成本或零成本,完善生态环境用水公众参与机制;应强化监管依据的系统性,加强监管主体之间的联动,完善生态环境用水的监管体系。

Eco-environmental water is an important part to preserve ecosystem security and guarantee social public interest.This paper outlines the progress of China＇s legal protection of eco-environmental water,i.e.stipulates the legal status and order of eco-environmental water and analyzes the problems of China＇s legal protection of eco-environmental water.The paper also points out that the legal protection of eco-environmental water must be further strengthened in order to protect social public interest.Specifically,the laws of China not only should determine the liability subjects in distribution of eco-environmental water,but also need to clarify the liability subjects for protection of eco-environmental water;China should strengthen the information disclosure of eco-environmental water to realize the public low cost or zero cost in environmental public interest litigation,to perfect the mechanism of public participation of eco-environmental water;also,China must strengthen the systematicness of regulatory basis and the linkage between different supervising subjects to improve the supervision system of eco-environmental water.