高等教育绩效拨款政策的历史嬗变:以美国两个州为例

The Historical Evolution of the Performance Funding Policy for Higher Education:The Case of Two U.S.States

自20世纪70年代以来,在财政压力和问责制兴起的背景下,美国联邦政府和各个州政府日益关注高等教育绩效,绩效拨款政策在很多地方得以推行。田纳西州作为首创者于1979年开始实行高等教育绩效拨款政策,佛罗里达州也是第二批实行此项政策的少数成员之一,时间较长,特色明显。本文对田纳西和佛罗里达两州的高等教育绩效拨款政策嬗变过程进行比较,总结两州绩效拨款政策变迁的不同特点,探索政策变迁背后的深层次原因,期冀对我国高等教育有所借鉴。

Since the 1970s, under the financial stress and the background of the emergence of accountability system, the federal government and each state government in USA has been paying more and more attention to higher education performance, and the performance funding policy has been carried out in many places. As the creator Tennessee has implemented the performance funding policy for higher education in 1979, and Florida is one of the few members of the second batch to implement this policy, with obvious features and longer time. In this paper, the authors try to compare the changing process of the performance funding policy for higher education in Tennessee and Florida, to summarize the different characteristics of changes in the performance funding policy of two states, and to explore the deep reasons behind the policy changes, in hopes of providing some references for higher education development in China.