农户行为对森林资源消长变化的影响

The impact of farmer behavior on growth and decline in forest resources

辽宁省西部生态脆弱,是中国重点生态功能区,该地区森林资源消长变化对生态安全具有重要意义。本文将农户林业经营行为界定为联合经营行为、林业资金投入行为、林业生产技术使用行为。用种植年限、种植规模、种植林种三个指标考察森林资源的质量、数量、结构。基于199户农户调查问卷,运用序次Logistic模型和二分类Logistic模型,从组织管理、资金筹集、技术使用对森林资源消长变化影响的角度,对辽宁省西部朝阳市下辖的北票市、朝阳市双塔区、建平县以及阜新市下辖的彰武县的森林资源的质量、数量、结构变化进行计量分析。结果表明,筹资方式、户主性别、户主年龄、外出务工正向影响种植年限,融资渠道和地区负向影响种植年限。筹资方式、户主性别、受教育程度和社会资本正向影响种植规模,融资渠道、具有传统技术负向影响种植规模。未采用传统技术、使用林地清理技术、户主年龄正向影响种植林种。因此,加强对农户实用技术的培训,提高退耕还林补助金额,通过林地流转、反租倒包等方式,将林地承包给懂技术、有经验的林木种植大户,提高造林成活率,充分发挥信用贷款、林权抵押贷款的作用、降低门槛,不断满足农户林业经营的资金需求,以上是实现森林资源可持续发展的重要途径。

Western Liaoning is ecologically fragile and a key ecological function area in China.Growth and decline in forest resources here is of great significance to ecological safety. This paper defines farmer forestry management behavior as joint management behavior,forestry investment behavior,and forestry production technology using behavior. We evaluate the quality,quantity and structure of forest resources from three indicators：planting age,planting scale and forest category.This paper uses the ordered Logistic model and binary classification Logistic model and performs metrological analysis of the factors affecting quantity,quality and structural change of forest resources,from the point of view of the organization,management and fund raising and technology use,based on 199 questionnaires of forest farmers in west Liaoning. The results show that financing way, householder gender, householder age and migrant workers has a positive effect on plantation age, the financing channels and regional has the negative influence on plantation age.Financing way, householder gender, level of education and social capital has a positive effect on planting scale, financing channel and the traditional technology of cultivation has the negative influence on planting scale. Without adopting the traditional technology, the use of forestland cleaning technology, householder age has a positive effect on forest category. To realize the sustainable development of forest resources,strengthening the practical technology training of farmers and improving the Grain for Green Program subsidy amount are needed. Let large planting growers who understand technology and have experience in planting trees contracting woodland,through the forestland circulation and contract after rent. To enhance the survival rate of afforestation,give full play to the role of the credit loan and forest right mortgage,reduce the loan threshold,and continuously meet the capital demands of forestry management.